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MIL-160(Al) MOF’s potential in adsorptive water harvesting

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Abstract

The water crisis is one of the main global risks based on its societal impact, particularly the access to safe drinking water in regions with a dry (arid) or mainly dry (semi-arid) climate. Several techniques are being developed, namely the use of regenerative desiccant (e.g., MOFs) to water capture through adsorption processes. MIL-160(Al) belongs to the fumarate-based MOFs family, and it is one of the most promising MOFs for water harvesting and heat transformation applications. In this study, the potential of MIL-160(Al) as an adsorbent for water sorption based applications was evaluated. For this purpose, adsorption equilibrium isotherms, dynamic adsorption experiments, and MIL-160(Al) granules characterization were performed. H2O vapor adsorption equilibrium isotherm was studied at 303, 323, and 343 K presenting a type V shape and was fitted using the Cooperative Multimolecular Sorption model and Polanyi’s theory model. Additionally, CO2, N2, and O2 adsorption equilibrium isotherms were also measured but at 283, 303, and 323 K, presenting the following order of adsorption affinity: CO2 > O2 > N2. Water vapor adsorption breakthrough experiments corroborate the shape of the water adsorption equilibrium isotherms on MIL-160(Al). Water co-adsorption history proved that the presence of the other air components (CO2, O2, and N2) does not affect water adsorption behavior on MIL-160(Al). DRIFTS measurements proved the MIL-160(Al) structure remains stable during the water vapor exposure. The optimization of the TSA process allowed us to achieve maximum H2O productivity of 305 L·day−1·ton−1 for a regeneration temperature of 353 K and flow rate equal to 0.50 m3·s−1.

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Abbreviations

ATR:

Attenuated total reflection

AWGs:

Atmospheric water generators

CMMS:

Cooperative multimolecular sorption

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DRIFT:

Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform

DRIFTS:

Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy

ET:

Expansion tank

FTIR:

Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy

GA:

Gas analyser

H2O:

Water

He:

Helium

Hg:

Mercury

IUPAC:

International union of pure and applied chemistry

KRICT:

Korea research institute of chemical technology

LabVIEW:

Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench

LC:

Liquid container

LDF:

Linear driving force

MOFs:

Metal–organic frameworks

N2 :

Nitrogen

O2 :

Oxygen

PCPs:

Porous coordination polymers

RH:

Relative humidity

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SH:

Sample holder

Std:

Standard deviation

tfeed :

Adsorption time cycle

TG:

Thermogravimetric

Tpurge :

Purge temperature

tpurge :

Desorption time cycle

TSA:

Temperature swing adsorption

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

ZIFs:

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

ε :

Adsorption potential

 − ΔH :

Heat of adsorption

∆m :

Mass difference between the mass recorded by the balanced and the initial mass of the basket containing the activated sample and the glass wool

ρG :

Density of the adsorbate gas at the measuring conditions (T, P)

ρads :

Density of the adsorbed phase

A :

Integration constant

J :

Objective function

k :

Number of iterations

K :

Adsorption equilibrium constant

K 0 , K I , K L :

Equilibrium constant in Langmuir-Ising isotherm

K ∞ :

Constant containing the entropy term at infinite temperature

m s :

Adsorbent mass

M W :

Adsorbate molecular weight

P :

Pressure

P o :

Saturation vapor pressure

Pr :

Productivity

Q :

Flow rate

q :

Adsorbed amount of the component on the adsorbent

q m :

Saturation adsorption capacity

q sat,I :

Specific saturation adsorption capacity in Ising isotherm

q sat,L :

Specific saturation adsorption capacity in Langmuir isotherm

n k :

Total number of instants of evaluation of the performance parameters

R :

Ideal gas constant (8.314 J·mol−1·K−1)

T :

Absolute temperature of system

V c :

Volume of inert parts (permanent magnet, basket, metal hook, and glass wool)

V S :

Adsorbent volume

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Acknowledgements

Shivaji Sircar was a great contributor for Adsorption Science and Technology and was linked in many ways to our research group (LSRE) on “Cyclic adsorption/reaction processes”. Shivaji lectured in Portugal in the NATO ASI Adsorption Science and Technology in 1988, where his former Ph.D. advisor Alan Myers also lectured. In 1991, one of us visited Shivaji at Air Products when walking the first steps into PSA processes, and will always remember the fruitful conversations at FOA meetings (starting 1983 in Germany), AIChE meetings, and Iberian Adsorption Meeting in Madrid (2008). We will always remember Shivaji’s contributions to our research area and also his human kindness. Therefore, the authors acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Shivaji Sircar to this work. This work was a result of project “AIProcMat@N2020—Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020”, with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM—UID/EQU/50020/2020—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). C.G.S. acknowledges the FCT Investigator Programme (IF/00514/2014) with financing from the European Social Fund and the Human Potential Operational Programme. The Korean authors are grateful to the Global Frontier Center for Hybrid Interface Materials of Korea (GFHIM) (Grant No. NRF-2013M3A6B1078879) for financial support. The authors acknowledge Prof. Christian Serre for his contribution in the synthesis and shaping of MIL-160(Al).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    M. P. Silva, A. M. Ribeiro, C. G. Silva, I. B. R. Nogueira, J. L. Faria, J. L. Loureiro, A. E. Rodrigues & A. Ferreira

  2. Catalysis Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Jang-dong 100, Yuseong, Daejeon, South Korea

    Kyung-Ho Cho, U.-Hwang Lee & Jon-San Chang

  3. Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-476, South Korea

    Jon-San Chang

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  1. M. P. Silva
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Silva, M.P., Ribeiro, A.M., Silva, C.G. et al. MIL-160(Al) MOF’s potential in adsorptive water harvesting. Adsorption 27, 213–226 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-020-00286-5

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