Phonological P2 or PMN During Spoken Word Recognition in Mandarin Chinese
Prime Modality Matters
Abstract
Abstract. Word-initial phonological mismatches during spoken word recognition often elicit an event-related potential (ERP) component, namely, the phonological mapping negativity (PMN) in cross-modal priming studies or studies using sentence as context. However, recent studies also reported that a phonological P2 but not PMN has been observed for Mandarin Chinese spoken word recognition in unimodal word-matching and meaning-matching experiments, that is, both the prime and target words were presented auditorily. In the present study, the same pairs of disyllabic Mandarin Chinese words as in the prior unimodal studies were used as stimuli to investigate whether or not the phonological P2 effect is modulated by prime modality and can be replicated in a cross-modal design (i.e., written primes followed by spoken targets). Both the phonological and semantic relations between primes and targets were manipulated. Participants were instructed to judge whether the meaning of the two words were same or not. An enhanced PMN between 250 and 320 ms was elicited by word-initial phonological mismatches. In the later time window, centro-parietally distributed early N400 and late N400 were elicited in semantically unrelated conditions. The presence of PMN instead of P2 in the current study implies that ERP markers of word-initial phonological mismatches during spoken word recognition are modulated by the modality of primes at the level of phonological analysis.
References
2011). Electrophysiological responses to coarticulatory and word level miscues. Journal Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37, 1275–1291. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023506
(1984). Exploring the articulatory loop. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36, 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640748408402157
(2010). Subtlex-CH: Chinese word and character frequencies based on film subtitles. PLoS One, 5, e10729. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010729
(2007). Reading spoken words: Orthographic effects in auditory priming. Cognition, 102, 341–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.01.001
(1995). Assessing adult receptive vocabulary with event-related potentials: An investigation of cross-modal and cross-form priming. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 548. https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639508405145
(1994). Event-related potential components reflect phonological and semantic processing of the terminal word of spoken sentences. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 256–266. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.256
(1995). The effects of phonological and semantic features of sentence-ending words on visual event-related brain potentials. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 94, 276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(95)98479-R
(2001). Phonological aspects of word recognition as revealed by high-resolution spatio-temporal brain mapping. Neuroreport, 12(2), 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200102120-00012
(2005). Renewal of the neurophysiology of language: Functional neuroimaging. Physiological Reviews, 85, 49–95. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00049.2003
(2009). Investigating the time course of spoken word recognition: Electrophysiological evidence for the influences of phonological similarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1893–1906. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21142
(2001). Behavioral and electrophysiological study of phonological priming between bisyllabic spoken words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892901564117
(1987). The process of spoken word recognition: An introduction. Cognition, 25, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(87)90002-3
(2002). Representation and competition in the perception of spoken words. Cognitive Psychology, 45, 220–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00003-8
(1959). On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika, 24, 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289823
(2007). The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews, 8, 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2113
(1988). Automatic and attentional processing: An event-related brain potential analysis of semantic priming. Brain and Language, 35, 66–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(88)90101-0
(2016). The time course of lexical competition during spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese: An event-related potential study. Neuroreport, 27, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000492
(2016). Task modulation of disyllabic spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese: A unimodal ERP study. Scientific Reports, 6, 25916. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25916
(2014). The time course of spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese: A unimodal ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 63, 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.015
(2006). What is the relationship between phonological short-term memory and speech processing? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 480–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.09.002
(2002). Speech perception and spoken word recognition: Past and present. Ear Hear, 23, 2–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-200202000-00002
(2011). Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 621–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123
(1984). Brain potentials during reading reflect word expectancy and semantic association. Nature, 307, 161–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/307161a0
(2006). Spoken word recognition in context: Evidence from Chinese ERP analyses. Brain and Language, 96, 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.08.007
(2012). Setting the tone: An ERP investigation of the influences of phonological similarity on spoken word recognition in Mandarin Chinese. Neuropsychologia, 50, 2032–2043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.002
(2014). Developmental differences in the influence of phonological similarity on spoken word processing in mandarin Chinese. Brain and Language, 138, 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.09.002
(1997). The use of time during lexical processing and segmentation: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 310–329. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210789
(2001). Spoken word access processes: An introduction. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960143000209
(2009). Electrophysiological markers of pre-lexical speech processing: Evidence for bottom–up and top–down effects on spoken word processing. Biological Psychology, 80, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.04.008
(2009). When beef primes reef more than leaf: Orthographic information affects phonological priming in spoken word recognition. Psychophysiology, 46, 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00813.x
(1994). Neurophysiological manifestations of phonological processing: Latency variation of a negative ERP component timelocked to phonological mismatch. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.204
(2012). A review and synthesis of the first 20 years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading. NeuroImage, 62, 816–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.062
(1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-X
(1984). Event-related potentials and the phonological processing of words and non-words. Neuropsychologia, 22, 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(84)90038-1
(1999). Time course of word identification and semantic integration in spoken language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 25, 394–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.2.394
(2004). The locus of the orthographic consistency effect in auditory word recognition. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 57–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960601049628
(