Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Multistudy Report

Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS)

Published Online:July 06, 2020https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000600

Abstract

Abstract. The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) is a self-report questionnaire aimed to measure the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms on four thematically different symptom dimensions (contamination, responsibility for harm, unacceptable thoughts, and symmetry and completeness). The DOCS was developed in the US in response to the insufficiency of existing OCD measures. The 20-item scale is used in research and clinical settings. We translated the DOCS into Dutch and examined the psychometric properties in a clinical sample. In addition, we further examined the US version of DOCS with respect to measurement invariance between patient and non-patients and also between the US and the Dutch version of the DOCS. The analyses showed that the Dutch version is a valid and reliable version of the DOCS. Measurement invariance tests indicated that patient scores can be validly compared with non-patient scores. Therefore, the DOCS is a good instrument to monitor the development of OCD, for example, during treatment. The same result was found for the US DOCS and the Dutch DOCS, hence US scores and Dutch scores can be validly compared. With these two studies we have extended our knowledge of the DOCS, beyond the common psychometric properties.

References

  • Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., … Hale, L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22, 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018260 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Akkerhuis, G. W. (1997). Vertaling IDS [Translation IDS]. Utrecht, The Netherlands: HC Rümke Groep. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VT: American Psychiatric Association. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Chen, F., Curran, P. J., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 36, 462–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124108314720 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1, 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2005). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: factor analysis; construct validity, and suggestions for refinement. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.04.009 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Jong, K., & Nugter, A. (2004). De Outcome Questionnaire: Psychometrische kenmerken van de Nederlandse vertaling [The Outcome Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Dutch translation]. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 59, 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03062326 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • DiNardo, P., Brown, T., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime version (ADIS-IV-LV). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Enander, J., Andersson, E., Kaldo, V., Lindefors, N., Andersson, G., & Rück, C. (2012). Internet administration of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: A psychometric evaluation. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1, 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.07.008 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • EuroQol Group. (1990). EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy, 16, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Goodman, W. L., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1012–1016. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischman, R. L., Hill, C. L., … Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1006–1011. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Greiff, S., & Heene, M. (2017). Why psychological assessment needs to start worrying about model fit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33, 313–317. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000450 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 22.0). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996a). LISREL 8 user’s reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996b). PRELIS 2 user’s reference guide: A program for multivariate data screening and data summarization: A preprocessor for LISREL. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Lambert, M. J., Burlingame, G. M., Umphress, V., Hansen, N. B., Vermeersch, D. A., Clouse, G. C., & Yanchar, S. C. (1996). The reliability and validity of the Outcome Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 3, 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(199612)3:4<249::aid-cpp106>3.3.co;2-j First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • López-Solà, C., Gutiérrez, F., Alonso, P., Rosado, S., Taberner, J., Segalàs, C., … Fullana, M. A. (2014). Spanish version of the Dimensional Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (DOCS): Psychometric properties and relation to obsessive beliefs. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.015 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in Overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320–341. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Mataix-Cols, D., Rosario-Campos, M. C., & Leckman, J. F. (2005). A multidimensional model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.228 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McKay, D., Abramowitz, J. S., Calamari, J. E., Kyrios, M., Radomsky, A., Sookman, D., … Wilhelm, S. (2004). A critical evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: Symptoms versus mechanisms. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 283–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.04.003 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Melli, G., Chiorri, C., Bulli, F., Carraresi, C., Stopani, E., & Abramowitz, J. (2015). Factor congruence and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) across non-clinical and clinical samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37, 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9450-1 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ólafsson, R. P., Arngrímsson, J. B., Árnason, P., Kolbeinsson, Þ., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Kristjánsson, Á., & Olason, D. Þ. (2013). The Icelandic version of the Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) and its relationship with obsessive beliefs. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2, 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.02.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Overduin, M. K., & Furnham, A. (2012). Assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A review of self-report measures. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1, 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.08.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rush, A. J., Gullion, C. M., Basco, M. R., Jarrett, R. B., & Trivedi, M. H. (1996). The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Psychometric properties. Psychological Medicine, 26, 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700035558 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Saris, W. E., Satorra, A., & van der Veld, W. M. (2009). Testing structural equation models or detection of misspecifications? Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 561–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903203433 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., … Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 22–33. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Thibodeau, M. A., Leonard, R. C., Abramowitz, J. S., & Riemann, B. C. (2015). Secondary psychometric examination of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Classical testing, item response theory, and differential item functioning. Assessment, 22, 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114559123 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Van der Veld, W. M., & Saris, W. E. (2018). Measurement equivalence testing 2.0. In E. DavidovP. SchmidtJ. BillietB. MeulemanEds., Cross-cultural analysis: Methods and applications (2nd ed., pp. 245–279). New York, NY: Routledge. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Van der Veld, W. M., Saris, W. E., & Satorra, A. (2017). JRule 3.0: User’s guide. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313846571_JRule_30_Users_Guide First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Van Oppen, P., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Van Dyck, R. (1995). The sensitivity to change of measures for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9, 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(95)00005-9 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wang, C., Wang, J., Tang, T., Zhang, S., & Bjorgvinsson, T. (2012). Psychometric validation of dimensional obsessive-compulsive scale (DOCS) in Chinese college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20, 315–319. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar