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Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of SE Europe–NW Asia according to pollen records in three offshore cores from the Black and Marmara seas

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Abstract

High-resolution pollen analyses were performed on two cores from the western Black Sea and one core from the Marmara Sea, covering the Late Glacial-Holocene transition using 14C chronology. Particular effort was invested in the botanical identification of pollen grains thereby significantly improving our knowledge of regional flora. When interpreted with respect to modern vegetation, pollen records revealed all the major changes caused by climatic fluctuations over the last 20,000 years. The results of this study provide evidence for the occurrence of relict thermophilous-hygrophilous trees (papillate Cupressaceae, Carya, Liquidambar, Zelkova) in certain refugia up to the Holocene. Vegetation dynamics is specified for some taxa (e.g. Cupressus–Juniperus, Fagus, Cedrus) and some ecosystems (e.g. mesophilous forests, Mediterranean sclerophyllous populations, steppes). Pollen data enabled palaeoclimatic reconstructions which were compared with available estimates in the region. The use of a powerful pollen ratio between ‘thermophilous and steppe taxa’ led to fruitful climatostratigraphic relationships with the oxygen isotope curve from the NGRIP core. The Younger Dryas and cooling at 8.2 ka are among the most obvious climatic phases identified in the three cores studied here.

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Notes

  1. All the depths provided in the paper are in centimetres below the sea floor.

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Acknowledgements

Contribution to the European Community Project ASSEMBLAGE (EVK3-CT-2002-00090) with the support of a Fullbright Grant (S.-M.P.) and a Von Humboldt grant (S.K.). The crew and captain of the research vessel Le Suroît are acknowledged for their support in coring. M. Casas Gallego and Carina Hoorn are acknowledged for improving the manuscript with their comments and corrections. We are also grateful for the invitation to contribute to this special issue by the guest-editors Angela Bruch, Dieter Uhl, and Torsten Utescher.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GeoBioStratData.Consulting, 385 route du Mas Rillier, 69140, Rillieux la Pape, France

    Speranta-Maria Popescu

  2. Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain

    Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno

  3. Forschungsbereich Geographie, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19–23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany

    Stefan Klotz

  4. IFREMER, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Gilles Lericolais

  5. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CNRS–CEA–UVSQ (UMR 8112), Bâtiment 714, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

    François Guichard

  6. İTÜ, EMCOL Research Centre and Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Mining, Ayazağa, 34469, İstanbul, Turkey

    M. Namık Çağatay

  7. Department Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    Liviu Giosan

  8. Montpellier SupAgro, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France

    Michel Calleja

  9. ISEM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France

    Séverine Fauquette

  10. Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, ISTeP UMR 7193, 75005, Paris, France

    Jean-Pierre Suc

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  1. Speranta-Maria Popescu
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  2. Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno
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  3. Stefan Klotz
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  4. Gilles Lericolais
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  7. Liviu Giosan
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  8. Michel Calleja
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  9. Séverine Fauquette
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  10. Jean-Pierre Suc
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Contributions

S.-M Popescu, G. Jiménez-Moreno, and J.-P. Suc performed the pollen analyses. G. Lericolais and M.N. Çağatay provided the cores and information on their litho-stratigraphy. F. Guichard and L. Giosan realised the 14C datings. M. Calleja, S.-M. Popescu, J.-P. Suc, and S. Fauquette performed the sampling and interpretation of air-borne pollen records in Romania. S. Klotz transferred the pollen data into climatic estimates. S.-M. Popescu and J.-P. Suc wrote the text and conceived the figures and tables. All the co-authors significantly contributed to improve the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Speranta-Maria Popescu.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue “Palaeobotanical contributions in honour of Volker Mosbrugger”

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Table 1

Detailed pollen record of core BLKS9810 (PDF 102 kb)

Table 2

Detailed pollen record of core B2KS33 (PDF 89 kb)

Table 3

Detailed pollen record of core C10 (PDF 91 kb)

Table 4

Modern detailed pollen records: collected dust from 3 localities in the Carpathian area (South Romania) and 11 surface sediments from the Black and Marmara seas (PDF 90 kb)

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Popescu, SM., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Klotz, S. et al. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of SE Europe–NW Asia according to pollen records in three offshore cores from the Black and Marmara seas. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 101, 197–212 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-020-00464-x

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