Abstract
Isoprenoids, often called terpenoids, are the most abundant and highly diverse family of natural organic compounds. In plants, they play a distinct role in the form of photosynthetic pigments, hormones, electron carrier, structural components of membrane, and defence. Many isoprenoids have useful applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical industries. They are synthesized by various isoprenoid synthase enzymes by several consecutive steps. Recent advancement in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of these isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both heterologous systems have been engineered for large-scale production of value-added isoprenoids. This review article will provide the detailed description of various approaches used for engineering of methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathway for synthesizing isoprene units (C5) and ultimate production of diverse isoprenoids. The review particularly highlighted the efforts taken for the production of C5–C20 isoprenoids by metabolic engineering techniques in E. coli and S. cerevisiae over a decade. The challenges and strategies are also discussed in detail for scale-up and engineering of isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems.
Key points
• Isoprenoids are beneficial and valuable natural products.
• E. coli and S. cerevisiae are the promising host for isoprenoid biosynthesis.
• Emerging techniques in synthetic biology enabled the improved production.
• Need to expand the catalogue and scale-up of un-engineered isoprenoids.
Graphical abstract
Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Acknowledgements
SS Shinde would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Government of India for the Fast Track Young scientist (SB/FT/CS-042/2013), and the Ramanujan fellowship (SR/S2/ RJN-111/2012) scheme is gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to the director, CSIR-National Chemical, India, for his constant support and encouragement. GRN acknowledges CSIR-SRF for fellowship.
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This work is financially supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India.
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GN wrote the review manuscript. SS and MD designed the structure of review and helped in the writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Navale, G.R., Dharne, M.S. & Shinde, S.S. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 457–475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11040-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11040-w