Abstract
Starch is synthesized through coordinated interactions of a suite of biosynthetic enzymes, including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (TaAGP), granule-bound starch synthases (TaGBSS), starch synthases (TaSS), starch branching enzymes (TaSBE), and starch degradation enzymes (TaDBE). The genes involved in starch biosynthesis have not been extensively studied in common wheat. In an effort to isolate the sequences of genes responsible for starch biosynthesis in common wheat, we identified 57 genes. These genes included two types of TaAGPL located on wheat homoeologous groups 1 and 5; two types of TaAGPS located on groups 5 and 7; TaGBSSI located on chromosomes 4A, 7A, and 7D; TaGBSSII located on group 2; two types of TaISA located on groups 5 and 7; TaPUL located on group 7; three types of TaSBE located on groups 2 and 7; TaSSI located on group 7; TaSSII-1 located on group 1; TaSSII-2 located on group 6; TaSSII-3 located on group 7; TaSSIII-1 located on group 2; TaSSIII-2 located on group 1; and TaSSIV located on group 1. Wheat group 7 had the largest number of these genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that common wheat was closely related to Brachypodium, but relatively distant from rice and Sorghum. In silico expression-analysis in different tissues revealed that most of the genes were highly expressed in reproductive tissues, but expression was relatively low in all other tissues. Twelve genes (TaGBSSII-2, TaISA-5, TaSBE-2.1 and TaISA-7) were up-regulated after drought stress for 6 h, and only six genes (TaPUL-7 and TaISA-7) were up-regulated after heat stress for 6 h. This information will be useful for genetic manipulation of starch-biosynthesis genes to develop improved cultivars with high yield and good quality.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Robert McIntosh, University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute-Cobbitty, PB4011, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia, and Xiwen Cai, University of North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, for review of the manuscript before submission. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province, NSF of China, National Key Research and Development Program, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, and Chuang Xin Gong Cheng of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Funding
Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province (2019LZGC001), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (ZR2018BC031), NSF of China (31471487), National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0100500 and 2017YFD0100600), Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China (JRK2018005) and Chuang Xin Gong Cheng of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC2018E01).
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J.M. Song and J. Guo conceived and designed the experiments. J. Guo, H.S. Li and A.F. Liu performed the experiments. J. Guo and H.S. Li analyzed the data. X.Y. Cao, D.G. Cheng, C. Liu, J.M. Song and J.J. Liu contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. J. Guo wrote the paper.
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Guo, J., Li, H., Liu, J. et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Starch-Biosynthetic Genes in Common Wheat. Russ J Genet 56, 1445–1456 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S102279542012008X
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S102279542012008X