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Gene introgression in assessing fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle

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Abstract

The current study investigates the fitness cost associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), a problematic pest in the stored commodities that has developed strong resistance to fumigant phosphine. Three characterised insect strains: the susceptible (Ref-S), the strongly resistant (Ref-R), the introgressed resistant (Intro-R) and a segregating population (F25) derived from crossing the Ref-S and Ref-R strains were used in this study. Intro-R was developed by introgressing two phosphine resistance genes, cf_rph1 and cf_rph2 into Ref-S, aimed to reduce the influence of background genetic factors. Intro-R exhibited 592 × resistance to phosphine and homozygous for strong resistance allele, cf_rph2 (L73N). Two key fitness cost criteria, developmental time and fecundity, were assessed under optimal and suboptimal conditions (less favourable diet and low temperature). There was no significant difference in developmental time and fecundity between Ref-S and either Intro-R strain or F25 under optimal conditions. When challenged with a less favourable diet, cracked wheat + cracked sorghum (CW + CS), or exposed to a low temperature (22 °C), both Intro-R and Ref-S had similar developmental time and total numbers of F1 progeny, confirming the absence of significant fitness effects expressed in these conditions. Therefore, we conclude that strongly phosphine resistant C. ferrugineus are unlikely to incur potential fitness costs. This finding will have implications towards developing strategies to manage this pest.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

With regard to the development of the introgressed resistant strain, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of plant biosecurity cooperative research centre (Project PBCRC3039), established and supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centres program (http://www.crcplantbiosecurity.com.au). With regard to the investigation of potential fitness costs, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Australian Government’s Australia-India strategic research fund (AISRF 48516), Department of Industry and Science (DIS), Canberra. The authors would also like to acknowledge Kerri Chandra for assisting with statistical analysis, David Schlipalius for designing primers for molecular screening and Lui Lawrence Rangger for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

    Virgine T. Singarayan & Paul R. Ebert

  2. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4001, Australia

    Rajeswaran Jagadeesan, Manoj K. Nayak & Gregory J. Daglish

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  1. Virgine T. Singarayan
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  2. Rajeswaran Jagadeesan
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  3. Manoj K. Nayak
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Correspondence to Virgine T. Singarayan.

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Singarayan, V.T., Jagadeesan, R., Nayak, M.K. et al. Gene introgression in assessing fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle. J Pest Sci 94, 1415–1426 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01315-6

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