Abstract
Dystonia is an abnormal involuntary movement or posture owing to sustained or intermittent muscle contraction. Standard treatment for dystonia includes medications, such as levodopa, anticholinergic and antiepileptic drugs, botulinum toxin, and baclofen pump, and surgeries, such as lesioning surgery and deep-brain stimulation. New treatment modalities aimed toward improving dystonia care in the future are under investigation. There are two main axes to improve dystonia care; one is non-invasive neuromodulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The other is a quantitative evaluation of dystonia using a wearable device and motion-capturing system, which can be empowered by artificial intelligence. In this article, the current status of these axes will be reviewed.
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This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant number 18K07509.
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GO contributed to the idea and concept of the manuscript, performed literature review, and drafted the manuscript, and NH critically revised.
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GO has received speaker honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Novartis Pharma, MSD, Nihon Medi-Physics, FP Pharmaceutical Corporation, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, and Abbvie. NH has received speaker honoraria from Dai-Nippon Sumitomo, Otsuka, Takeda, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Boehringer Ingelheim, FP, Eisai, Kissei, Nihon Medi-physics, Novartis, Biogen Idec Japan, AbbVie, Boston Scientific Japan, Sanofi, Alexion, Mylan N.V, and Daiichi Sankyo. NH has received consultancies and subcontracting from Dai-Nippon Sumitomo, Biogen Idec, Otsuka, Takeda, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Meiji Seika, Hisamitsu, Kao, and Ono. Department of Neurodegenerative and Dementia Disorders is a donated course from GLORY LTD, Kirin Company LTD, Mitsubishi UFJ Lease & Finance Company LTD. Department of Home medical care System based on ICT is a donated course from Sunwels Company LTD. Department of Drug Development for Parkinson’s Disease is a donated course from OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and PARKINSON Laboratories Co., LTD.
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Oyama, G., Hattori, N. New modalities and directions for dystonia care. J Neural Transm 128, 559–565 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02278-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02278-9