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Intraspecific differences of Asian/Australian Phragmites australis subgroups reveal no potentially invasive traits

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Abstract

Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan plant species with high intraspecific diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Due to its variability and large ecological niche breadth, subgroups of P. australis have become invasive in North America, and this invasion has been recognized late. While this cryptic invasion on the American continent has received much attention, little is known about the potential invasiveness of other subgroups, especially within Asian/Australian P. australis. We therefore compared the performance of three subgroups within the Asian/Australian group: a freshwater (CN) and an estuarine (YRD) subgroup collected in China and a genetically closely related subgroup collected from Australia (FEAU), grown in two common gardens in China. Our results showed that the FEAU subgroup had no strong invasive potential, as its total biomass, height, shoot number, specific leaf area, and stomatal conductance were lower than that of the two native subgroups. All three subgroups responded similarly with most traits to the different climates of the gardens, albeit with different response strength, expressed as phenotypic plasticity indices. The potential cryptic invasion risk of the FEAU subgroup in China seems to be low, since its functional traits showed low competitiveness and most traits with the lowest plasticity occurred in FEAU. However, caution is still advised, because other invasive mechanisms, such as enemy release or the performance under extreme environmental conditions were not tested in our study.

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Acknowledgements

This study was jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFE0109600), Ministry of Land and Resources program: “Special foundation for scientific research on public causes” (Grant No. 201111023), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41240022, 40872167, 31970347 and 31770361), and China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. DD20189503 and GZH201200503). E. Jespersen was supported by the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC). F. Eller was funded by a grant from the Carlsberg Foundation (Grant No. CF15-0330). This manuscript benefitted greatly from the constructive comments of editor and two anonymous reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geological Survey, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Liujuan Xie, Siyuan Ye & Lixin Pei

  2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Liujuan Xie, Siyuan Ye & Lixin Pei

  3. Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Emil Jespersen, Hans Brix & Franziska Eller

  4. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Huijia Song & Weihua Guo

  5. College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China

    Xiao Guo

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  1. Liujuan Xie
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Correspondence to Siyuan Ye.

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Guest editors: Franziska Eller, Hans Brix, Brian K. Sorrell & Carlos A. Arias / Wetland ecosystems: functions and use in a changing climate

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Xie, L., Jespersen, E., Ye, S. et al. Intraspecific differences of Asian/Australian Phragmites australis subgroups reveal no potentially invasive traits. Hydrobiologia 848, 3331–3351 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04474-w

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