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Charrs of the genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae): hybridization, phylogeny and evolution

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Abstract

Evolutionary history, systematics and taxonomy of charrs of the genus Salvelinus and especially of the representatives of the S. alpinus–S. malma species complex remain confused that is connected with a substantial ecological and morphological flexibility of this group and with supposed ancient hybridization between some taxa. For the analysis of phylogenetic relationships and introgressive hybridization between the species of the genus Salvelinus including three endemic species from Lake El’gygytgyn and all main representatives of the S. alpinus–S. malma species complex, nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA control region and two nuclear genes (ITS1 and RAG1) were analyzed. The differences in the topologies of individual gene trees, among other reasons, were connected with incomplete lineage sorting and historical introgressive hybridization between certain taxa. Several cases of mtDNA capture by different taxa and phylogenetic groups were proposed. Main phylogenetic groups of the S. alpinus–S. malma species complex were revised. The origin and phylogenetic relationships of southern Dolly Varden from North America were not unambiguously defined. We proposed that introgressive hybridization had an important role in the evolutionary history of charrs, in particular, in the appearance of a high level of morphological, ecological and taxonomical diversity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank S. S. Alekseyev, M. Yu. Pichugin, O. A. Radchenko, P. V. Grigorév, L. Bernatchez, A. Costello, E. B. Taylor, U. K. Schliewen, R. Reiter and S. Yamamoto for help in the collection of the material. The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 17-04-00063) and phylogenetic analysis was partially funded by the Russian Science Foundation (#19-74-20189 to N.S.M).

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  1. Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991

    Alexander G. Osinov

  2. Russian Federal Research Institute for Fishery and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia, 107140

    Alexander A. Volkov & Nikolai S. Mugue

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Scientific and common names of all taxa included in the analysis and the maps with modern ranges of main species and representatives of two species complexes are given (DOCX 2100 kb)

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MDC-based species tree of the genus Salvelinus and phylogenetic networks with one and two reticulation nodes are given (DOCX 280 kb)

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Phylogenetic networks with three reticulation nodes are given (DOCX 28 kb)

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Osinov, A.G., Volkov, A.A. & Mugue, N.S. Charrs of the genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae): hybridization, phylogeny and evolution. Hydrobiologia 848, 705–726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04478-6

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