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Phylogeography, population connectivity and demographic history of the Stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Teleostei: Labridae), in the Greater Caribbean

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Abstract

Few genetic studies that provide biological, ecological and evolutionary information have been conducted for parrotfishes, including Sparisoma viride, and none has covered the full geographic range of this species. Here, we examine the genetic patterns of the Stoplight parrotfish (S. viride) in the Greater Caribbean and its relationship with the recognized biogeographic provinces in the region. Phylogeographic, population and coalescent analyses were performed to examine the genetic structure and connectivity of S. viride populations throughout its entire range within the Greater Caribbean. Two mitochondrial (control region and coxI) and one nuclear (RHO) markers were used. The Stoplight parrotfish shows high haplotypic diversity (h) and low nucleotide diversity (π) in the control region, and low genetic diversity in coxI and RHO. No evidence of genetic structure was found, indicating a panmictic population throughout the Greater Caribbean with highly symmetrical migration rates among previously defined Caribbean biogeographic provinces. The demographic history estimates indicate events of bottlenecks followed by a population expansion dated at 80,000 years ago (kya) during the Pleistocene epoch. These results suggest that the contrasting environmental conditions that define the Greater Caribbean provinces are not barriers to gene flow for S. viride. The phylogeographic patterns of Stoplight parrotfish could be associated with the biological characteristics of the species (such as extensive pelagic larval duration and use of multiple habitats), historical demographic events and physical conditions of the Greater Caribbean, promoting the genetic homogeneity of the species in the region.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sabina I Lara, Juan C. Montero, Rodolfo Pérez and Antonio González for valuable comments on earlier versions of this work. Isaí Betancourt and Ana Berenice García Andrade for his help in the data analysis. Thanks to Carla Gutiérrez-Rodríguez for donation of biological samples. FJLP would like to thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for granting a master scholarship (435277). This work was partially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Grant No. CB-240875) and Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (CIC-2013-2017). Collection permission (CONAPESCA-PPF/DGOPA-262/17) was granted by the Mexican government. The collection of specimens from Alacranes Reef and Cayo Arcas (Campeche Bank, Mexico) was possible through the project “BDMY - Biodiversidad Marina de Yucatan” funded by the Harte Research Institute of Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi and by the Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO-NE018). Thanks to Quetzalli Hernández, Diana Ugalde and Tonali Garcia for the organization of the expeditions where the specimens were collected.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R” planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Francisco Javier Loera-Padilla

  2. Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R” planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Francisco Javier Loera-Padilla, Victor Julio Piñeros & Omar Domínguez-Domínguez

  3. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Victor Julio Piñeros

  4. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA

    Carole C. Baldwin

  5. Smithsonian Marine Station, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce, FL, 34949, USA

    Courtney E. Cox

  6. Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico

    Nuno Simoes

  7. Laboratorio Nacional de Resilencia Costera (LANRESC, CONACYT), 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico

    Nuno Simoes

  8. International Chair for Coastal and Marine Studies in Mexico, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA

    Nuno Simoes

  9. Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 76129, USA

    Emanuell Ribeiro

  10. Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, 1930, Venezuela

    Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá

  11. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica para la Conservación de Recursos Genéticos de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 27-3 (Xangari), 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Omar Domínguez-Domínguez

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  1. Francisco Javier Loera-Padilla
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  2. Victor Julio Piñeros
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Correspondence to Omar Domínguez-Domínguez.

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Loera-Padilla, F.J., Piñeros, V.J., Baldwin, C.C. et al. Phylogeography, population connectivity and demographic history of the Stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Teleostei: Labridae), in the Greater Caribbean. Coral Reefs 41, 753–765 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-02036-z

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