Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Energy-efficient approach to lower the carbon emissions of data centers

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Data Centers require enormous amounts of electrical energy to operate. The resultant emissions in the form of heat, directly, and carbon, indirectly, are cause for concern among Data Center managers and owners. In the past, and in many contemporary instances as well, Data Center managers have struggled to rein in large energy bills as operational activities increased. This paper attempts to address the problems without affecting operational efficiency of Data Centers and while maintaining high standards of system uptime. The latter is made possible by observing a set standard of Power Usage Efficiency and through rationalizing power consumption of equipment and Data Center infrastructure itself. Our research has shown that it is possible to control power consumption, and thus bring about savings in terms of electric bills paid, even when the count of servers in Data Centers racks increase from four to seven. Experiments conducted in the course of our research indicate to maintain a high quality of Data Center operational state and keep power consumption under control even in the wake of rising user numbers. The resultant savings in electrical units consumed, shall ultimately contribute in a small yet meaningful way towards a smaller carbon footprint and a greener planet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Koomey JG (2011) Growth in data center electricity use 2005 to 2010. Analytics Press, Oakland, pp 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  2. Zhou Q, Xu M, Gill SS, Gao C, Tian W, Xu C, Buyya R (2020) Energy efficient algorithms based on VM consolidation for cloud computing: comparisons and evaluations. In: Proceedings of 20th IEEE/ACM international symposium on cluster, cloud and grid computing (CCGRID 2020), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp 1–10

  3. Gill SS, Buyya R (2019) A taxonomy and future directions for sustainable cloud computing: 360 DEGREE VIEw. ACM Comput Surv 51(5):1–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hieu NT, Francesco MD, Ylä-Jääski A (2020) Virtual machine consolidation with multiple usage prediction for energy-efficient cloud data centers. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 13(1):186–199. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2017.2648791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bilal K, Khan SU, Zomaya AY (2013) Green data center networks: challenges and opportunities. In: 11th international conference on frontiers of information technology (FIT), pp 1–6

  6. Noormohammadpour M, Raghavendra CS (2017) Datacenter traffic control: understanding techniques and trade-offs, pp 1–34. arXiv:1712.03530v1

  7. Ghani A, Badshah A, Jan SU, Alshdadi AA, Daud A (2020) Issues and challenges in cloud storage architecture: a survey. Res J Comput 1(1):50–65

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kovar JF (2014) The 2014 data center 100. CRN

  9. Ayanoglu E (2019) Electrical energy efficiency in Data Centers. IEEE TCN

  10. Santhaanam A, Keller C (2018) The role of data centers in advancing green IT: a literature review. J Soft Comput Decis Support Syst 5(1):1–19

    Google Scholar 

  11. CII (2010) Electrical energy efficiency Guidelines & Best Practices in Indian Datacenters. BEE, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, pp 1–229

  12. Shrestha BR (2016) Efficiency and reliability analysis of AC and 380 V DC data centers. Theses, Open PRAIRE, South Dakota State University, pp 1–116

  13. Lawrence A (2019) Data centers without diesel generators: the groundwork is being laid… UptimeInstitute

  14. Evanuik S (2019) UPS in critical data centers. All about circuits

  15. Shehabi A, Smith SJ, Horner N, Azevedo I, Brown R, Koomey J, Masanet E, Sartor D, Herrlin M, Lintner W (2016) United States data center energy usage report. LBNL, Berkeley, pp 1–47

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Jones N (2018) How to stop data centers from gobbling up the world’s electricity. Nature 561:163–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Koronen C, Ahman M, Nilsson LJ (2020) Data centers in future European energy systems: energy efficiency, integration and policy. Energy Eff 13:129–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang X, Lindberg T, Xiong N, Vyatkin V, Mousavi A (2017) Cooling energy consumption investigation of data center IT room with vertical placed server. 105:2447–2052

  19. Kurniawan DE, Iqbal M, Friadi J, Borman RI, Rinaldi R (2019) Smart monitoring temperature and humidity of the room server using raspberry pi and whatsapp notifications. J Phys Conf Ser 1351:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mukherjee D, Chakraborty S, Sarkar I, Ghosh A, Roy S (2020) A detailed study on data centre energy efficiency and efficient cooling techniques. Int J Adv Trends Comput Sci Eng 9(5):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  21. Capozzoli A, Primiceri G (2015) Cooling systems in data centers: state of art and emerging technologies. Energy Procedia 83:484–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Talib R, Nabil N, Choi W (2020) Optimization-based data-enabled modeling technique for HVAC systems components. Buildings 10(9):163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bhatia A. HVAC Cooling systems for data centers. CED White paper, 1–65

  24. Bouley D (2010) Estimating a data center’s electrical carbon footprint. White Pap 66:13

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sumper A, Baggini A (2012) Electrical energy efficiency: technologies and applications. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 1–434

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Sharma M, Arunachalam K, Sharma D (2015) Analyzing the data center efficiency by using PUE to make data centers more energy efficient by reducing the electrical consumption and exploring new strategies. In: proceedings of international conference on intelligent computing, communication & convergence, Odisha, India, Proc. Comp. Sc. 48, pp 142–148

  27. Rasmussen N (2007) Electrical efficiency measurement for data centers. White Paper, 154

  28. Rasmussen N (2017) Calculating total cooling requirements for data centers. Schneider Electric Data Center Science Center. White Paper, 25

  29. Sawyer RL (2011) Calculating total power requirements for data centers: schneider electric data center science center. White Pap 3:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  30. Avgerinou M, Bertoldi P, Castellazzi L (2017) Trends in data centre energy consumption under the European code of conduct for data centre electrical energy efficiency. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Danilak R (2017) Why energy is a big and rapidly growing problem for data centers. Forbes

  32. Marashi A (2019) Power hungry: the growing energy demands of data centers. vXchnge, 1

  33. Bose R, Roy S, Sarddar D (2015) User satisfied online IaaS cloud billing architecture with help of billboard manager. Int J Grid Dist Comput 8:61–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bieswanger A, Hamann HF, Wehle H-D (2012) Energy efficient data center: schneider electric data center science center. IT Inf Technol 54:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1524/itit.2012.0659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rumsey P (2019) Ten guidelines for energy efficient data center design. GreenBiz, 1

  36. Yuventi J, Mehdizadeh R (2013) A critical analysis of power usage effectiveness and its use as data center energy sustainability metrics. SU, CIFE Working Paper, 1–18

  37. Brady G, Kapur N, Summers J, Thompson H (2013) A case study and critical assessment in calculating power usage effectiveness for a data centre. Energy Convers Manag 76:155–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Mitchell-Jackson J, Koomey JG, Nordman B, Blazek MM (2003) Data center power requirements: measurements from Silicon Valley. Energy 28:837–850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Ni J, Bai X (2017) A review of air conditioning performance in data centers. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 67:625–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Liu Y, Yang X, Li J, Zhao X (2018) Energy savings of hybrid dew-point evaporative cooler and micro: channel separated heat pipe cooling systems for computer data centers. Energy 163:629–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zakarya M, Gillam L (2017) Energy efficient computing, clusters, grids and clouds: a taxonomy and survey. Sustain Comput Inform Syst 14:13–33

    Google Scholar 

  42. Attia KM, EI-Hosseini MA, Ali HA (2017) Dynamic power management techniques in multi: core architectures: a survey study. Ain Shams Eng J 8:445–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Adams WM (2018) Power consumption in data centers is a global problem. Crit Environ 1

  44. Guendert S, Klein L, Marianno FJ (2015) Measurement and management technologies for data centers. IBM Res

  45. Arghode VK, Joshi Y (2016) Air flow management in raised floor data centers. Applied sciences and technology. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  46. Lopez V, Hamann HF (2013) Head transfer modeling in data centers. Int J Heat Mass Transf 54:25–26

    Google Scholar 

  47. Gill SS, Garraghan P, Stankovski V, Casale G, Thulasiram RK, Ghosh SK, Ramamohanarao K, Buyya R (2019) Holistic resource management for sustainable and reliable cloud computing: an innovative solution to global challenge. J Syst Softw 155:104–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Jani DB (2019) Cooling technology for data centers. Cooling India 1

  49. Yao L, Huang J-H (2019) Multi-objective optimization of energy saving control for air conditioning system in data center. Energies 12(1474):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Gill SS, Ouyang X, Garraghan P (2020) Tails in the cloud: a survey and taxonomy of straggler management within large-scale cloud data centres. J Supercomput 1–40

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely acknowledge Simplex Infrastructures Ltd and Brainware University, Kolkata, India for providing data and infrastructure, and support of other related facilities for successfully doing the research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Simplex Infrastructure Ltd., Kolkata, 700017, India

    Rajesh Bose & Dipan Roy Chowdhury

  2. Brainware University, Kolkata, 700125, India

    Sandip Roy

  3. Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India

    Haraprasad Mondal

  4. Elitte Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, 700113, India

    Srabanti Chakraborty

Authors
  1. Rajesh Bose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sandip Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haraprasad Mondal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dipan Roy Chowdhury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Srabanti Chakraborty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandip Roy.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bose, R., Roy, S., Mondal, H. et al. Energy-efficient approach to lower the carbon emissions of data centers. Computing 103, 1703–1721 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00889-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00889-4

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Search

Navigation