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Pb (II) biosorption from the aqueous solutions by raw and modified tea factory waste (TFW)

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Abstract

The study is aimed to determine Pb (II) biosorption from synthetic wastewaters using natural and modified tea factory waste as biosorbent material. This process is carried out with this waste matter, which is found in large quantities, so cheap and has high metal adsorption ability. The sorption kinetic studies were determined as variations of initial pH value, particle size, initial Pb (II) and tea factory waste concentrations, stirring speed and temperature. Biosorption reached the equilibrium in 15 min. Zeta potential values of the biosorbent were defined in the range of pH 2 to 4. The adsorption isotherm models give the experimental values, and the thermodynamic characteristics of the patterns generally give insight about the sorption mechanism depending on the surface characteristics and affinity of the biosorbent. The biosorption mechanism was searched considering to Freundlich, Langmuir, BET and Temkin isotherm model, and the experimental adsorption values were conformed to Freundlich adsorption model. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated as pH 3.5, particle size of 0.125–0.25 mm, stirring speed of 200 rpm, biosorbent concentration of 7 g L−1 and 25 °C. In these conditions, the highest efficiency of biosorption was obtained as 94.07% and after the activating process the efficiency was reached to 97.73% at 70 mg L−1. The maximum Pb (II) removal capacity of raw tea factory waste was found to be 22.111 mg g−1 at 200 mg L−1. The biosorption kinetics has complied with the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic studies stated that this biosorption phenomenon was an endothermic process.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Department of Environmental Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering at Atatürk University and all the valued employees at General Directorate of Tea Enterprises (ÇAYKUR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpaşa Campus, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey

    Y. Nuhoğlu

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Z. Ekmekyapar Kul & F. Ekmekyapar Torun

  3. Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dede Korkut Settlement, Bayburt University, 69000, Bayburt, Turkey

    S. Kul

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 Davutpaşa Campus, İstanbul, Turkey

    Ç. Nuhoğlu

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  1. Y. Nuhoğlu
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  2. Z. Ekmekyapar Kul
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  3. S. Kul
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  4. Ç. Nuhoğlu
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  5. F. Ekmekyapar Torun
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Correspondence to S. Kul.

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Editorial responsibility: Fatih ŞEN.

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Nuhoğlu, Y., Ekmekyapar Kul, Z., Kul, S. et al. Pb (II) biosorption from the aqueous solutions by raw and modified tea factory waste (TFW). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 2975–2986 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03038-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03038-8

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