Abstract
Evolution of polyploid Aegilops species constituting complex Crassa was studied using C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ten DNA probes. Genetic classification of nine of 14 chromosomes was suggested based on hybridization patterns of the D-genome specific repeats and distribution of rDNA loci; homoeologous groups and genome affinity of five chromosomes remain unknown. Correspondence between C-banding and FISH patterns of the repetitive DNAs was established with the aid of GAAn probe. We confirmed that the D1 genome of Ae. crassa (2n = 4x = 28, D1D1XcrXcr) was contributed by Ae. tauschii, although the retention of minor NORs on chromosomes 1D1 and 6D1 indicated that Ae. crassa probably emerged prior to the loss of the respective loci in the diploid progenitor. The Xcr genome might originate from the ancestral S*-genome species of Emarginata group. Genomes of Ae. crassa (4x) were significantly modified during speciation. The translocation Acr-6Xcr (T1) was identified in one tetraploid and all hexaploid Ae. crassa accessions and in Ae. vavilovii. Aegilops crassa (6x) also possessed the species-specific translocation 4D1-Fcr. Aegilops vavilovii originated from hybridization of Ae. crassa (4x) with Ae. searsii and was characterized by high translocation polymorphism. Two karyotypic groups: juv-I and juv-II were identified in Ae. juvenalis. All genomes of juv-I were significantly modified, whereas juv-II was karyotypically similar to Ae. crassa (4x) and Ae. umbellulata. Probably, juv-II originated independently of juv-I, from more recent hybridization of the same parental species.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Drs. B.S. Gill (WGGRS, KSU, Kansas, USA) H. Bockelman (USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, Idaho, USA); Andreas Börner (IPK, Gatersleben, Germany), J. Valkoun (ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria) for supplying the material.
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The study was supported in part by grant from the Russian State Foundation for Basic Research (projects 17-04-00087a, 20-04-00284a) and by State Budgetary Projects No 0112-2019-0002 (from VIGG) and No 0662-2019-0006 (from VIR).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. NNC and MKhB provided material for analysis, slide preparation and FISH experiments were performed by EDB, ASR and SAZ, oligo-probes were synthesized by SAS, and data analysis was performed by EDB. EDB wrote the first draught of the manuscript and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Online Resource 1. The list of plant materials, including genome constitution, methods of karyotype analysis, translocation types, origin and collection sites of accessions.
Online Resource 2. Characteristics of oligo-probes.
Online Resource 3. Translocation variants of polyploid Aegilops species of the complex Crassa identified using FISH with nine DNA probes.
Online Resource 4. Comparison of the C-banding patterns of Ae. juvenalis accessions juv-I (a-e) and juv-II (f-g).
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Badaeva, E.D., Chikida, N.N., Belousova, M.K. et al. A new insight on the evolution of polyploid Aegilops species from the complex Crassa: molecular-cytogenetic analysis. Plant Syst Evol 307, 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01731-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01731-2