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Differential Responses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo to Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Amelioration via Exogenous Application of Sodium Nitroprusside

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Abstract

The manuscript aimed to explore the differential responses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo to fluoride (25 mg L−1 NaF) stress and validate the protective roles of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 µM). V. radiata showed 53.5% higher bioaccumulation of fluoride compared to V. mungo. The overall growth in V. radiata was more affected (32.0%) compared with V. mungo (6.3%), which on the contrary displayed regulated fluoride entry and fluoride-adaptive phenotype. Fluoride bioaccumulation in V. radiata significantly triggered H2O2 and methylglyoxal accumulation, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll degradation and lipid peroxidation, which accounted for its fluoride sensitivity. Exogenous SNP alleviated fluoride toxicity in both the species by synthesizing osmolytes (proline, glycine-betaine and total amino acids), non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbate and glutathione) and activating antioxidative enzymes (APX, SOD, GPX, GST, GPOX and GR). Fluoride toxicity inhibited the CAT activity to a higher degree in V. radiata (51.0%) than V. mungo (31.3%). However, SNP supplementation rescued the CAT activity, lowered the fluoride uptake and membrane damage, and also alleviated oxidative stress in both the species, along with accelerated growth recovery and chlorophyll conservation. Cytotoxic methylglyoxal was efficiently detoxified in presence of SNP due to enhanced activity of the glyoxalases. Exogenous SNP also triggered endogenous NO formation along with up regulating the activity of P5CS and PAL, which stimulated proline and flavonoid biosynthesis during stress. Statistical analyses revealed that the ameliorating potential of SNP was more prominent in the susceptible species. Overall, our investigation established V. radiata and V. mungo as fluoride-sensitive and fluoride-tolerant species, respectively, and also illustrated the efficacy of SNP in abating stress-induced damages in Vigna by augmenting the defence machinery.

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Acknowledgements

Financial assistance from Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India through the Grant [EMR/2016/004799] and Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, through the Grant [264(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-80/2017] to Dr. Aryadeep Roychoudhury is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India

    Ankur Singh, Aditya Banerjee & Aryadeep Roychoudhury

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  1. Ankur Singh
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  2. Aditya Banerjee
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  3. Aryadeep Roychoudhury
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Contributions

AS performed all the experiments and drafted the manuscript. AB assisted AS in chlorophyll estimation, and in Pearson’s correlation matrix and principal component analysis. Dr. AR designed all the experiments, supervised the overall work, critically drafted and reviewed the manuscript and incorporated necessary modifications.

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Correspondence to Aryadeep Roychoudhury.

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Singh, A., Banerjee, A. & Roychoudhury, A. Differential Responses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo to Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Amelioration via Exogenous Application of Sodium Nitroprusside. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 2342–2357 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10285-z

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