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Role of c-di-GMP in improving stress resistance of alginate-chitosan microencapsulated Bacillus subtilis cells in simulated digestive fluids

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Abstract

Objectives

Probiotics (Bacillus subtilis 04178) were entrapped in alginate-chitosan microcapsules by high-voltage electrostatic process. The encapsulation pattern was established as entrapped low density cells with culture (ELDCwc). The performance of ELDCwc cells was investigated against stress environments of simulated digestive fluids.

Results

After incubation in simulated gastric (pH 2.5) and intestinal fluids (4% bile salt) for 2 h, the survival rate of ELDCwc cells (18.19% and 27.54%) was significantly higher than that of the free cells (0.0000009% and 0.0005%). The reason why B. subtilis embedded in microcapsules can resist the stress environments was that the mass production of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides prompted B. subtilis to form cell aggregates. The production of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides were regulated by the concentration of c-di-GMP and the expression of ydaJKLMN operon, abbA, sinI, slrA, slrB, abrR and sinR.

Conclusions

c-di-GMP is important for the production of extracellular polymer substance to enhance probiotic viability in stress environments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21476042) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. DUT17ZD209).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, China

    Chaolei Zhang & Zhilong Xiu

  2. Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Chao Wang

  3. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 116023, Dalian, China

    Shan Zhao

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  1. Chaolei Zhang
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  2. Chao Wang
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  4. Zhilong Xiu
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Correspondence to Zhilong Xiu.

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Zhang, C., Wang, C., Zhao, S. et al. Role of c-di-GMP in improving stress resistance of alginate-chitosan microencapsulated Bacillus subtilis cells in simulated digestive fluids. Biotechnol Lett 43, 677–690 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03055-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03055-0

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