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A survey of Intel SGX and its applications

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Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the development of Intel SGX (software guard extensions) processors and its applications. With the advent of SGX in 2013 and its subsequent development, the corresponding research works are also increasing rapidly. In order to get a more comprehensive literature review related to SGX, we have made a systematic analysis of the related papers in this area. We first search through five large-scale paper retrieval libraries by keywords (i.e., ACM Digital Library, IEEE/IET Electronic Library, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Elsevier Science Direct). We read and analyze a total of 128 SGX-related papers. The first round of extensive study is conducted to classify them. The second round of intensive study is carried out to complete a comprehensive analysis of the paper from various aspects. We start with the working environment of SGX and make a conclusive summary of trusted execution environment (TEE). We then focus on the applications of SGX. We also review and study multifarious attack methods to SGX framework and some recent security improvements made on SGX. Finally, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of SGX with some future research opportunities. We hope this review could help the existing and future research works on SGX and its application for both developers and users.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Fund of Shaanxi Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Project (2015GY073). Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program (2019GY-057).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Software and Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

    Wei Zheng, Ying Wu, Xiaoxue Wu & Chen Feng

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia

    Yulei Sui

  3. Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Xiapu Luo

  4. College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Yajin Zhou

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  1. Wei Zheng
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Correspondence to Wei Zheng.

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Wei Zheng is an associate professor in the School of Software and Microelectronics at University of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China. His current research interest focused on cloud computing, big data security, and software quality assurance. He has published more than 60 papers, including many of the top papers in the field of software engineering (such as TOSEM, FSE, ICSE, etc.).

Ying Wu received the BS degree from the school of Software and Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China. She is currently studying for a master’s degree in this faculty. Her research interests include information security and software engineering theory.

Xiaoxue Wu is currently a PhD candidate at Department of Automaiton, University of Northwestern Polytechnical, China. She received the MS degree in Software Engineering from University of Northwestern Polytechnical, China. Her main research interests are security testing and interactive machine learning. She has pubished over 10 articles in journals, conferences, and book chapters.

Chen Feng is a master degree candidate in the School of Automation at University of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China. Her current research is in software security testing, big data security and machine learning.

Yulei Sui is a faculty member at University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. He is broadly interested in the research field of software engineering and programming languages, particularly interested in static and dynamic program analysis for software bug detection and compiler optimizations. He has been awarded an ICSE Distinguished Paper and a CGO Best Paper and an Australian Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) 2017–2019.

Xiapu Luo is an assistant professor with the Department of Computing and an associate researcher with the Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China. He received the PhD degree in Computer Science from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, and was a post-doctoral research fellow with the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. His current research focuses on smartphone security and privacy, network security and privacy, and Internet measurement.

Yajin Zhou received the PhD degree in computer science from North Carolina State University, USA. He is currently a ZJU 100 Young Professor with the Institute of Cyber Security Research and the College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China. His research mainly focuses on smartphone and system security.

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Zheng, W., Wu, Y., Wu, X. et al. A survey of Intel SGX and its applications. Front. Comput. Sci. 15, 153808 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-019-9096-y

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