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Historical Perspectives on Exceptional Climatic Years at the Labrador/Nunatsiavut Coast 1780 to 1950

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 December 2020

Marie-Michèle Ouellet-Bernier Open the ORCID record for Marie-Michèle Ouellet-Bernier [Opens in a new window] ,
Anne de Vernal ,
Daniel Chartier  and
Étienne Boucher
Marie-Michèle Ouellet-Bernier*
Affiliation:
Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Geotop Research center on the Dynamics of the Earth System, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada International Laboratory for Research on Images of the North, Winter and the Arctic, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada
Anne de Vernal
Affiliation:
Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Geotop Research center on the Dynamics of the Earth System, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Département des sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada
Daniel Chartier
Affiliation:
Département d’études littéraires, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada International Laboratory for Research on Images of the North, Winter and the Arctic, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada
Étienne Boucher
Affiliation:
Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Geotop Research center on the Dynamics of the Earth System, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Département de géographie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C 3P8Canada Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QuébecG1V 0A6Canada
*
*Corresponding author email address: ouellet.bernier.mm@gmail.com
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Abstract

This interdisciplinary study presents a human perspective on climatic variations by combining documentary, discursive, instrumental, and proxy data. Historical sources were used to characterize climate variations along the coast of Labrador/Nunatsiavut during the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Written and early instrumental archives provided original information on the state and perception of climate before the establishment of meteorological stations, which permitted an intra-annual perspective on climatic variations. Written sources depicted the sensitivity of humans to climatic variations. Exceptional seasonal climatic events were extracted from documentary and discursive sources, which were complemented by tree-ring and early instrumental data. From 1780 to 1900, data indicated a succession of relatively warm and cold episodes. Most warm periods were described as stormy and variable. The final part of the studied records showed cold conditions from 1900 to 1925 and warm conditions from 1925 to 1950. Historical sources helped to discriminate a seasonal signal. Mild autumn-winter conditions were recorded since 1910 in relation with positive anomalies of the North Atlantic Oscillation in winter. Relatively warm spring-summer conditions were recorded after 1920, which corresponds to a phase of positive anomaly of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

Keywords

19th centuryRecent pastPaleoclimatologyHistorical climatologyExceptional eventsCoast of LabradorNunatsiavutNorth AtlanticHistorical dataArchives of societiesTree-ring
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 101 , May 2021 , pp. 114 - 128
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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