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The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Micronutrients on the Incidence and Severity of Leaf and Stem-base Diseases in Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Witmm.) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Einfluss der Blattdüngung mit Mikronährstoffen auf Häufigkeit und Schweregrad von Blatt- und Stängelkrankheiten bei Wintertriticale (x Triticosecale Witmm.) und Winterroggen (Secale cereale L.)

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Abstract

Winter triticale (Triticale) cv. Dinaro and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. Dańkowskie Diament were grown in 2012 and 2013 in a field-plot experiment in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn (NE Poland). The experiment consisted of 7 treatments: absolute control (without fertilizers or the growth stimulator), control-NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer + micronutrients applied alone or in combination (4 treatments), NPK fertilizer + Nano-Gro growth stimulator. The severity of disease symptoms on the leaves and stem-bases of triticale and rye was evaluated throughout the growing season. Symptoms of powdery mildew on the leaves of winter triticale and winter rye were noted only in the growing season of 2013, and disease severity remained at a low level. In the growing season of 2012, weather conditions were conducive to the spread of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and brown rust on triticale (the highest values of infection index were 41.6 and 23.8%, respectively), and scald and brown rust on rye (29.0 and 38.1%, respectively). Foliar application of micronutrients influenced the rates of infections caused by Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici on triticale leaves. Symptoms of eyespot and Fusarium foot and root rot were noted on the stem-bases of both cereal species, whereas symptoms of take-all disease and sharp eyespot were observed sporadically. Significant differences were found between treatments in the severity of infections caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis on the stem-bases of triticale, and by Tapesia spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. on the stem-bases of rye.

Zusammenfassung

Wintertriticale (Triticale) der Sorte Dinaro und Winterroggen (Secale cereale L.) der Sorte Dańkowskie Diament wurden 2012 und 2013 in einem Feldversuch in Tomaszkowo bei Olsztyn (Polen) angebaut. Das Experiment bestand aus 7 Behandlungsmethoden: Kontrolle (ohne Düngemittel), NPK-Düngemittel; NPK-Düngemittel + Mikronährstoffe, einzeln oder in Kombination (4 Behandlungen); NPK-Düngemittel + Wachstumsstimulator Nano-Gro®. Während der Vegetationsperiode wurde die Infektion von Blättern und Stängeln der Getreidearten durch Krankheitserreger bewertet. Echter Mehltau wurde auf den Blättern von Wintertriticale und Winterroggen nur in der Vegetationsperiode 2013 mit geringem Schwerengrad festgestellt. Die in der Vegetationsperiode 2012 vorherrschenden Wetterbedingungen begünstigten die Entwicklung von Blattseptoriosis und Braunrost auf Triticale (die höchsten Werte der Infektion betrugen entsprechend 41,6 und 23,8 %) und Rhinchosporose und Braunrost auf Roggen (29,0 und 38,1 %). Die Blattapplikation von Mikronährstoffen beeinflusste die Infektionsraten von Zymoseptoria tritici und Puccinia recondita f. sp. Tritici auf Triticale-Blättern. An der Stängelbasis beider Getreidearten wurden Symptome von Zerbrechlichkeit und Fusariose des Getreides festgestellt und sporadisch Symptome von Stängelbasisfäule und Rhizoctoniose. Zwischen den Behandlungsmethoden wurden signifikante Unterschiede im Schweregrad von Infektionen festgestellt, die durch Gaeumannomyces graminis an der Stängelbasis von Triticale und durch Helgardia spp. und Rhizoctonia spp. an der Stängelbasis von Roggen verursacht wurden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

    Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak & Marta Damszel

  2. TÜV Rheinland Poland Sp. z o.o., Olsztyn, Poland

    Małgorzata Głosek-Sobieraj

  3. Department of Agroecosystems, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

    Arkadiusz Stępień

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  1. Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak
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  2. Małgorzata Głosek-Sobieraj
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Correspondence to Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak.

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B. Cwalina-Ambroziak, M. Głosek-Sobieraj, M. Damszel and A. Stępień declare that they have no competing interests.

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Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Głosek-Sobieraj, M., Damszel, M. et al. The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Micronutrients on the Incidence and Severity of Leaf and Stem-base Diseases in Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Witmm.) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.). Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 105–116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00538-y

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