Abstract
This paper examines the use of the ablative case clitic in locative phrases in Iraqw, a South Cushitic language of Tanzania. In the typological classification of locative marker syncretisms, Iraqw has been classified as a language with a Source=Location≠ Goal pattern. This pattern is extremely rare in languages of the world and has been argued to be unattainable. The Iraqw ablative case clitic has been reported as both source and location marker. New data shows that the directional case clitic, a goal marker, appears on locative constructions as well, but that it is used to express purpose rather than location. The data also shows that the ablative case clitic is found mainly in locational clauses with a main verb with a durative aspect. Based on this, I argue that in locative constructions, the ablative clitic expresses duration rather than location and I propose the reanalysis of the ablative marker in locative phrases as a durational marker. The notion of location does not need to be expressed overtly, but is a zero-marker. Therefore, the rare Source=Location≠ Goal pattern is no longer valid for Iraqw, and instead I propose the pattern Source≠ Location≠ Goal, which is common in languages of the world.
Abbreviations
- 1
first person
- 2
second person
- 3
third person
- abl
ablative
- back
background suffix
- bgnd
background aspect
- con
construct case
- consec
consecutive
- dem1
demonstrative 1
- dem3
demonstrative 3
- dem4
demonstrative 4
- dep
dependent
- dir
directional
- DP
determiner phrase
- dur
durative
- mph
emphatic
- expec
expectational
- F
feminine
- F1
feminine subclass
- hab
habitual
- imp
imperative
- imps
impersonal
- indf
indefinite
- ins
instrumental
- m
masculine
- mid
middle
- obj
object
- pst
past
- pfv
perfective
- pl
plural
- poss
possessive
- reas
causational
- respro
resumptive pronoun
- sbj
subject
- sg
singular.
Acknowledgements
This article could not have been written without Basilisa Hhao, my main language consultant, whose dedication and patience made this research possible. I am also very grateful to Ephraim Neema, who opened his house to me, and the rest of the Kwermusl community for their kindness, acceptance, and support during my research.
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