Research articleVascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell galvanotactic response and differential migratory behavior
Section snippets
Credit author statement
Kaitlyn R Ammann, PhD conceptualized and developed methodology, validated methods, curated and analyzed data, and wrote and revised the manuscript. Marvin J Slepian, MD conceptualized project, reviewed and edited manuscript, and supervised the study.
Galvanotaxis platform design and validation
Cell viability was maintained during galvanotaxis experiments through utilization of a controlled-environment microscope chamber (Fig. 1). Temperature, CO2 levels, and relative humidity were all regulated within the microscope chamber, allowing for live-cell imaging of migrating cells (Fig. 1A). The galvanotaxis platform, consisting of multiple reservoirs, additionally allowed for DCEFs to be applied across the cell chamber without the introduction of electrolysis to the media (Fig. 1B).
Discussion
The objective of this study was to examine the response of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to galvanotactic stimuli and determine the ability of galvanotaxis to differentially modulate migration of vascular ECs versus SMCs. Our results indicate that ECs and SMCs indeed have a differential response to DCEFs, with ECs migrating towards the anode with increasing voltage magnitude, while SMCs remain statistically unresponsive over the range of voltage tested. Similarly, the motility, i.e. the
Conclusions
Application of DCEFs to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells notably influences their migration. This influence impacts both migratory direction and extent of migration. Compared to migration distance and displacement, directionality is more evidently dominant in the differential galvanotactic response between vascular ECs and SMCs. This behavior offers potential for a desired clinical therapeutic if advanced in translation, as a means of preferentially advancing endothelial cell
Galvanotaxis System Overview
All experiments were performed within a custom-designed microscope chamber (OKO Labs) for a Zeiss Axiovert 135, and regulated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 (Fig. 1A). A sterile water reservoir was included in the chamber, to maintain high relative humidity. The galvanotaxis platform was held in place with a microscope stage with 60-mm dish housing. Cells in the galvanotaxis chamber were visualized through a 10X objective lens. External to the microscope chamber, a DC power supply (BK Precision 9184B) was
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge NIH Cardiovascular Biomedical Engineering Training Grant T32 HL007955 and the Arizona Center for Accelerated Biomedical Innovation (ACABI) for funding support.
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