Abstract
The differences in the dynamics of the asymmetrical part of the geomagnetic disturbance at middle and low latitudes during magnetic storms initiated by different interplanetary sources are analyzed. The analysis is performed with the SYM-H, ASY-H, and Dst indices from the OMNI database during the periods of 58 intense magnetic storms with –270 ≤ Dstmin ≤ –90 nT that were recorded in 1995–2017 and initiated by one of the solar wind structures: compressed corotating interaction regions (CIRs); interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) including magnetic clouds (MCs) and Ejecta “pistons”; and compressed Sheath regions in front of ICMEs. The interplanetary sources were identified on the basis of the catalog of large-scale solar-wind phenomena (ftp://ftp.iki.rssi.ru/pub/omni/). A double superposed epoch analysis with reference points at the onset of the storm and during Dstmin was used. It is shown that the ASY-H values during Sheath-driven storms are, on average, 40% higher than for storms of other groups and that the ASY-H maximum occurs ~3 h earlier than Dstmin during Sheath-driven storms and 1–2 h earlier during MC-driven storms, which may indicate a more intense and uneven energy inflow during these periods. It is assumed that this energy inflow may be provided by the proton flux with energies of >10 MeV observed by the GOES geostationary satellites, which increases by more than two orders of magnitude in the intervals of Sheath-driven storms as compared to storms of other groups.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Akasofu, S.-I., Solar-wind disturbances and the solar wind–magnetosphere energy coupling function, Sol. Space Sci. Rev., 1983, vol. 34, pp. 173–183.
Barkhatov, N.A., Levitin, A.E., and Tserkovnyuk, O.M., Relation of the indices characterizing the symmetric (SYM) and asymmetric (ASY) ring currents to the AE (AU, AL) indices of auroral electrojet activity, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2008, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 499–503.
Barkhatova, O.M., Nonlinear relationships of auroral (AU, AL) and midlatitude (SYM-H and ASY-H) geomagnetic activity indices in the main phase of magnetic storm, Soln.–Zemnaya Fiz., 2013, vol. 23, pp. 100–108.
Borovsky, J.E. and Denton, M.H., Differences between CME-driven storms and CIR-driven storms, J. Geophys. Res., 2006, vol. 28, pp. 121–190.
Boroyev, R.N., Relationship between substorm activity and the interplanetary medium parameters during the main phase of strong magnetic field, Adv. Space Res., 2019, vol. 63, pp. 302–308.
Boroyev, R.N. and Vasiliev, M.S., Substorm activity during the main phase of magnetic storms induced by the CIR and ICME events, Adv. Space Res., 2018, vol. 61, pp. 348–354.
Boroyev, R.N. and Vasiliev, M.S., Relationship of the ASY-H index with interplanetary medium parameters and auroral activity in magnetic storm main phases during CIR and ICME events, Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2020, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 35–40.
Bothmer, V., The solar and interplanetary causes of space storms in solar cycle 23, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 2004, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1411–1414.
Burton, R.K., McPherron, R.L., and Russell, C.T., An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst, J. Geophys. Res., 1975, vol. 80, pp. 4204–4214.
Crooker, N.U., Solar and heliospheric geoeffective disturbances, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2000, vol. 62, pp. 1071–1085.
Despirak, I.V., Lubchich, A.A., and Kleimenova, N.G., High-latitudes magnetic substorms under different types of the solar wind large-scale structure, Sun Geosphere, 2018, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 57–61.
Dremukhina, L.A., Yermolaev, Yu.I., and Lodkina, I.G., Dynamics of interplanetary parameters and geomagnetic indices during magnetic storms induced by different types of solar wind, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2019, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 639–650.
Dungey, J.W., Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zone, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1961, no. 6, pp. 47–48.
Feldshtein, Ya.I., Dremukhina, L.A., Veshchezerova, U.B., Golyshev, S.A., Kiziriya, L.V., Grafe, A., Modeling the geomagnetic field variation during a strong magnetic storm, Geomagn. Aeron., 1993, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 58–66.
Feldstein, Ya.I., Levinin, A.E., Golyshev, S.A., Dremukhina, L.A., Vestchezerova, U.B., Valtchuk, T.E., and Grafe, A., Ring current and auroral electrojets in connection with interplanetary medium parameters during magnetic storms, Ann. Geophys., 1994, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 602–611.
Gonzalez, W.D. and Echer, E., A study on the peak Dst and peak negative Bz relationship during intense geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2005, vol. 32, L18103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023486
Gonzalez, W.D., Jozelyn, J.A., Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H.W., Rostoker, G., Tsurutani, B.T., and Vasyliunas, V.M., What is a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 1994, vol. 899, no. A4, pp. 5771–5777.
Gonzalez, W.D., Tsurutani, B.T., and Clua de Gonzalez, A.L., Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms, Space Sci. Rev., 1999, vol. 88, pp. 529–562.
Gosling, J.T. and Pizzo, V.J., Formation and evolution of corotating interaction regions and their three-dimensional structure, Space Sci. Rev., 1999, vol. 89, pp. 21–52.
Huttinen, K.E.J., Koskinen, H.E.J., Karinen, A., and Mursula, K., Asymmetric development of magnetic storms during magnetic clouds and sheath regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006, vol. 33, L06107. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024894
Iyemori, T., Storm-time magnetospheric currents inferred from midlatitude geomagnetic field variation, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 1990, vol. 42, pp. 1249–1265.
Kalegaev, V.V., Dynamical models of the geomagnetic field, Soln.-Zemnaya Fiz., 2010, vol. 16, pp. 60–69.
Kane, R.P., How good is the relationship of solar and inter-planetary plasma parameters with geomagnetic storms?, J. Geophys. Res., 2005, vol. 110. doi JA010799https://doi.org/10.1029/2004
Kawasaki, K. and Akasofu, S.-I., Low-latitude DS component of geomagnetic storm field, J. Geophys. Res., 1971, vol. 76, pp. 2396–2405.
King, J.H. and Papitashvili, N.E., Solar wind spatial scales in and comparisons of hourly wind and ace plasma and magnetic field data, J. Geophys. Res., 2004, vol. 110, A02209.https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010804
Longden, N., Denton, M.H., and Honary, F., Particle precipitation during ICME-driven and CIR-driven geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 2008, vol. 113, A06205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012752
Nikolaeva, N.S., Yermolaev, Yu.I., and Lodkina, I.G., Dependence of geomagnetic activity during magnetic storms on the solar wind parameters for different types of streams: 2. Main phase of storm, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2012a, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 28–36.
Nikolaeva, N.S., Yermolaev, Yu.I., and Lodkina, I.G., Dependence of geomagnetic activity during magnetic storms on the solar wind parameters for different types of streams: 3. Development of storm, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2012b, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 37–48.
Nikolaeva, N.S., Yermolaev, Yu.I., and Lodkina, I.G., Does magnetic storm generation depend on the solar wind type?, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2017, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 512–518.
Perreault, P. and Akasofu, S.-I., A study of geomagnetic storms, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 1978, vol. 54, pp. 547–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1978.tb05494.x
Plotnikov, I.Y. and Barkova, E.S., Nonlinear dependence of Dst and AE indices on the electric field of magnetic clouds, Adv. Space Res., 2007, vol. 40, pp. 1858–1862.
Pulkkinen, T.I., Partamies, N., Huttunen, K.E.J., Reeves, G.D., and Koskinen, H.E.J., Differences in geomagnetic storms driven by magnetic clouds and ICME sheath regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2007, vol. 34, L02105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027775
Russell, C.T., McPherron, R.L., and Burton, R.K., On the cause of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 1974, vol. 79, pp. 1105–1109.
Solov’ev, S.I., Boroev, R.N, Baishev, D.G, Makarova, E.S., Moiseev, A.V., Potapov, A.S., Engebretson, M., and Yumoto, K., Development of substorm and low-latitude geomagnetic disturbances during supermagnetic storms of October 29 and 30, 2003 and November 20, 2003, Sol.-Zemnaya Fiz., 2005, vol. 8, pp. 132–134.
Sugiura, M. and Poros, D.J., Hourly values of equatorial Dst for the years 1957 to 1970, Rep. GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, 1971.
Yermolaev, Yu.I., Yermolaev, M.Yu., Nikolaeva, N.S, and Lodkina, I.G., Statistical investigation of heliospheric conditions resulting in magnetic storms, Cosmic Res., 2007, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1–8.
Yermolaev, Yu.I., Nikolaeva, N.S., Lodkina, I.G., and Yermolaev, M.Yu., Catalog of large-scale solar wind phenomena during 1976–2000, Cosmic Res., 2009, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 81–94.
Yermolaev, Yu.I., Lodkina, I.G., Nikolaeva, N.S., and Yermolaev, M.Yu., Statistical study of interplanetary condition effect on geomagnetic storms, Cosmic Res., 2010a, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 485–500.
Yermolaev, Y.I., Nikolaeva, N.S., Lodkina, I.G., and Yermolaev, M.Y., Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-induced, Sheath-induced, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis, Ann. Geophys., 2010b, vol. 28, pp. 2177–2186.
Yermolaev, Yu.I., Lodkina, I.G., Nikolaeva, N.S., and Yermolaev, M.Yu., Statistical study of interplanetary condition effect on geomagnetic storms: 2. Variations of parameters, Cosmic Res., 2011, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 21–34.
Yermolaev, Y.I., Lodkina, I.G., Nikolaeva, N.S., and Yermolaev, M.Y., Influence of the interplanetary driver type on the durations of the main and recovery phases of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 119, no. 10, pp. 8216–8136.https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019826
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that have improved the quality of the article. The authors also express gratitude for the possibility to use the OMNI database (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov).
Funding
This study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-02-00177a.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by M. Chubarova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dremukhina, L.A., Yermolaev, Y.I. & Lodkina, I.G. Differences in the Dynamics of the Asymmetrical Part of the Magnetic Disturbance during the Periods of Magnetic Storms Induced by Different Interplanetary Sources. Geomagn. Aeron. 60, 714–726 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220060031
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220060031