Abstract
This paper discusses two ways of negating DP quantifier phrases. In one way, NEG modifies the quantifier D directly with the structure [[NEG D] NP] (inner negation). In the other way, NEG modifies the whole DP with the structure [NEG DP] (outer negation). I give evidence based on negative polarity items that negated universal quantifier phrases like not every student involve outer negation (contra Hoeksema in Linguist Anal 16:25–40, 1986; in: ESCOL ’87, pp 100–113, 1987).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Collins, C. (2016). Not even. Natural Language Semantics,24, 291–303.
Collins, C. (2017). A scope freezing effect with negated quantifier phrases. Natural Language Semantics,25, 315–327.
Collins, C., & Postal, P. M. (2014). Classical NEG raising. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gajewski, J. (2002). On analyticity in natural language. Ms., University of Connecticut.
Gajewski, J. (2008). NPI any and connected exceptive phrases. Natural Language Semantics,16, 69–110.
Gajewski, J. (2011). Licensing strong NPIs. Natural Language Semantics,19, 109–148.
Heim, I., & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hoeksema, J. (1986). Monotonicity phenomena in natural language. Linguistic Analysis,16, 25–40.
Hoeksema, J. (1987). The logic of exception. In ESCOL ’87 (pp. 100–113).
Hoeksema, J. (1996). The semantics of exception phrases. In J. van der Does & J. van Eijk (Eds.), Quantifiers, logic and language (pp. 145–177). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Horn, L. R. (1996). Exclusive company: Only and the dynamics of vertical inference. Journal of Semantics,13, 1–40.
Horn, L. R. (2005). Diagnosing a diagnostic: Revisiting the quantifier constraint on exceptives. Ms., Yale.
Keenan, E. L. (1996). The semantics of determiners. In S. Lappin (Ed.), The handbook of contemporary semantic theory (pp. 41–65). London: Blackwell.
Keenan, E. L., & Stavi, J. (1986). A semantic characterization of natural language determiners. Linguistics and Philosophy,9, 253–326.
Ladusaw, W. (1980). Polarity sensitivity as inherent scope relations. New York: Garland Publishing.
Ladusaw, W. (2002/1980). On the notion of affective in the analysis of negative-polarity items. In P. Portner & B. H. Partee (Eds.), Formal semantics: The essential readings (pp. 457–470). London: Blackwell.
Linebarger, M. C. (1987). Negative polarity and grammatical representation. Linguistics and Philosophy,10, 325–387.
Moltmann, F. (1995). Exception sentences and polyadic quantification. Linguistics and Philosophy,18,(3) 223–280.
Partee, B., & Rooth, M. (2002/1983). Generalized conjunction and type ambiguity. In P. Portner & B. H. Partee (Eds.), Formal semantics: The essential readings (pp. 443–456). London: Blackwell.
Peters, S., & Westerståhl, D. (2006). Quantifiers in language and logic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
von Fintel, K. (1993). Exceptive constructions. Natural Language Semantics,1, 123–148.
Acknowledgements
I thank Frances Blanchette, Larry Horn and Paul Postal for comments on earlier versions of this paper. I thank Vicki Carstens, Stephanie Harves, Richard Kayne, Maria Tierney and Rachel Szekely for judgments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Collins, C. Outer negation of universal quantifier phrases. Linguist and Philos 43, 233–246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-019-09269-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-019-09269-4