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Perceptions of wild bees and farm characteristics associated with the uptake of pollinator-supporting land management practices among Canadian apple growers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2020

Rachel A. Nalepa Open the ORCID record for Rachel A. Nalepa [Opens in a new window] ,
Graham Epstein ,
Jeremy Pittman  and
Sheila R. Colla
Rachel A. Nalepa*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environment and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Graham Epstein
Affiliation:
School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs and Sustainable Coastal Systems Cluster, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Jeremy Pittman
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Sheila R. Colla
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environment and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Rachel A. Nalepa, E-mail: rnalepa@yorku.ca
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Abstract

Pollination services are critical for food production. Although domesticated honey bees are important pollinators in agriculture, there is growing interest in supporting naturally occurring wild bees. Diversifying pollination management strategies by encouraging healthy wild bee communities may be especially useful for growers of insect-pollinated crops, such as apples. Although research has identified several land management practices that can enhance local pollinator communities on farms, there are few studies on the factors that influence growers to adopt pollinator-supporting actions on their land. Here, we surveyed 75 Canadian apple growers and used regression models to explore the influence of farm characteristics and perceptions about bees on the likelihood of adopting 15 unique pollinator-supporting practices. We also provide a descriptive analysis of growers' pollination management practices and self-assessed resourcefulness on the ability to improve habitat for wild pollinators on the farm. We found that an increase in three variables: awareness of wild bees, perception of the severity of threats facing wild populations, and the perception of the benefits provided by wild bees is associated with more pollinator-supporting practices on the farm. Overall, growers were less likely to adopt pollinator-friendly practices as the fraction of rented land increased and as the perceived costs of implementing these practices rose. We found ‘low-hanging fruit’ (i.e., pollinator-supporting practices that could be easily and inexpensively implemented) were adopted by less than one-third of growers and that the majority of those surveyed had little to no knowledge on what actions to take if they wanted to improve their farms for wild bees or where to go for that knowledge. Our results suggest that policies and programs that focus on raising grower awareness of wild bees, increasing grower perception of their benefits, and reducing the perceived costs of implementing pollinator-supporting practices may positively affect their uptake. A deeper understanding of grower perceptions will provide essential insight into how growers may contribute to wild pollinator conservation while potentially increasing agricultural production and reducing vulnerability borne of heavy reliance on managed pollinators.

Keywords

ApplesCanadian agricultureperceptions of beespollinationpollinator-friendly farmingwild bees
Type
Research Paper
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , August 2021 , pp. 334 - 343
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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