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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter December 14, 2020

Preparation of magnetized iron oxide grafted on graphene oxide for hyperthermia application

  • Ahmad Abulfathi Umar

    Ahmad Abulfathi Umar is presently a chemical engineering postgraduate student at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering at University of Maiduguri in 2017. His field of research includes reaction engineering where he is currently studying magnetic hybrid nanomaterials with potential application in cancer treatment, water treatment, membrane separation, multifunctional catalyst and anti-wear additive.

    , Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah

    Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah is a senior lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He earned his B. Eng (Hons) and PhD degrees in chemical engineering in 2012 and 2017, respectively, from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. His area of research includes: biomass-to-energy technologies - torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion; waste treatment/disposal; catalyst and reaction engineering; chemical plant design and commissioning; hydrodynamic simulation of fluid flow using computational fluid dynamics softwares; liquid atomization/spray (with or without reaction) for various applications.

    , Faisal Abnisa

    Faisal Abnisa is a doctor in chemical engineering who graduated from the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He has been actively involved in various research activities since 2008 and has published extensively. Currently, he is working as an associate professor in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. His research interests focus on thermal conversion processes, biomass to fuels and development of nanoparticles materials.

    and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud

    Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Malaya (Malaysia). He earned his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 1991 from Leeds University (Leeds, UK) and his PhD degree in chemical engineering in 1996 from the University of Sheffield (Sheffield, UK). His research fields include biofuel, biomass conversion and the synthesis of catalyst materials, catalysis, zeolites, polymerization process, and separation processes (adsorption, activated carbon, and carbon molecular sieve). Professor Daud has published more than 200 research papers.

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Abstract

Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is a highly promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of different kinds of cancers and malignant tumors. The therapy is based on the concept that; iron oxide nanoparticles deposited at cancer sites can generate heat when exposed to an alternating current magnetic field or near infrared radiation and consequently destroying only the cancer cells by exploiting their vulnerability to heat. The fact that the treatment is at molecular level and that iron oxide nanoparticles provide more guided focus heating justifies its efficacy over treatment such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the spread of MHT as the next-generation therapeutics has been shadowed by insufficient heating especially at the in vivo stage. This can be averted by modifying the iron oxide nanoparticle structure. To this end, various attempts have been made by developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure capable of generating efficient heat. However, the synthesis method for each component (of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure) and the grafting process is now an issue. This has a direct effect on the performance of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure in MHT and other applications. The main objective of this review is to detail out the different materials, methods and characterization techniques that have been used so far in developing magnetic hybrid nanostructure. In view of this, we conducted a comprehensive review and present a road map for developing a magnetic hybrid nanostructure that is capable of generating optimum heat during MHT. We further summarize the various characterization techniques and necessary parameters to study in validating the efficiency of the magnetic hybrid nanostructure. Hopefully, this contribution will serve as a guide to researchers that are willing to evaluate the properties of their magnetic hybrid nanostructure.


Corresponding author: Wan Mohd Wan Ashri Wan Daud, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia, E-mail:

Funding source: University of Malaya

Award Identifier / Grant number: FP034-2019A

Award Identifier / Grant number: RP042A-17AET

About the authors

Ahmad Abulfathi Umar

Ahmad Abulfathi Umar is presently a chemical engineering postgraduate student at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering at University of Maiduguri in 2017. His field of research includes reaction engineering where he is currently studying magnetic hybrid nanomaterials with potential application in cancer treatment, water treatment, membrane separation, multifunctional catalyst and anti-wear additive.

Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah

Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah is a senior lecturer in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He earned his B. Eng (Hons) and PhD degrees in chemical engineering in 2012 and 2017, respectively, from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. His area of research includes: biomass-to-energy technologies - torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion; waste treatment/disposal; catalyst and reaction engineering; chemical plant design and commissioning; hydrodynamic simulation of fluid flow using computational fluid dynamics softwares; liquid atomization/spray (with or without reaction) for various applications.

Faisal Abnisa

Faisal Abnisa is a doctor in chemical engineering who graduated from the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He has been actively involved in various research activities since 2008 and has published extensively. Currently, he is working as an associate professor in the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. His research interests focus on thermal conversion processes, biomass to fuels and development of nanoparticles materials.

Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud

Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Malaya (Malaysia). He earned his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 1991 from Leeds University (Leeds, UK) and his PhD degree in chemical engineering in 1996 from the University of Sheffield (Sheffield, UK). His research fields include biofuel, biomass conversion and the synthesis of catalyst materials, catalysis, zeolites, polymerization process, and separation processes (adsorption, activated carbon, and carbon molecular sieve). Professor Daud has published more than 200 research papers.

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors acknowledge University of Malaya for supporting the work through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (project number: FP034-2019A) and University of Malaya research grant (project number: RP042A-17AET).

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2020-0001).


Received: 2020-01-02
Accepted: 2020-06-02
Published Online: 2020-12-14
Published in Print: 2022-07-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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