Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter December 11, 2020

Performance Optimization for a Multielement Thermoelectric Refrigerator with Linear Phenomenological Heat Transfer Law

  • Lingen Chen EMAIL logo , Fankai Meng , Yanlin Ge and Huijun Feng

Abstract

A model of a multielement thermoelectric refrigerator with another linear heat transfer law, the linear phenomenological heat transfer law QΔ(1/T), is established. The refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are analyzed and optimized. The junction temperature solution equations are derived. The optimum electrical currents and thermal conductance allocation are discussed. The influences of thermoelectric element quantity and refrigerating temperature difference on the optimum performances and optimum electrical currents are analyzed. The results show that different optimization objectives have different requirements for the distribution of electrical current and thermal conductance. The refrigeration capacity is not proportional to the number of thermoelectric elements. It is found that the refrigerating capacity can be achieved only when the number of thermoelectric elements is matched for fixed external heat exchangers. The input electrical current and the allocation of the thermal conductance between the two heat exchangers can be optimized synchronously to achieve maximum refrigerating capacity or maximum COP. Performance is compared with that with a Newtonian heat transfer law. The influences of the Thomson effect are also examined. Performance of the refrigerator with Newtonian heat transfer law is higher than that of the refrigerator with linear phenomenological heat transfer law. The Thomson effect can improve the performance of the refrigerator.

Award Identifier / Grant number: 11974429

Award Identifier / Grant number: 51576207

Funding statement: This paper is supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 11974429 and 51576207) and National Defense Science Technology Foundaton (2101070).

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their careful, unbiased, and constructive suggestions, which led to this revised manuscript.

References

[1] H. Mamur and R. Ahiska, A review: Thermoelectric generators in renewable energy, Int. J. Renew. Energy Res.4 (2014), no. 1, 128–136.Search in Google Scholar

[2] W. He, G. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Ji and Li G. Zhao X, Recent development and application of thermoelectric generator and cooler, Appl. Energy143 (2015), 1–25.10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.075Search in Google Scholar

[3] E. Söylemez, E. Alpman, A. Onat, Y. Yükselentürk and S. Hartomacıoğlu, Numerical (CFD) and experimental analysis of hybrid household refrigerator including thermoelectric and vapour compression cooling systems, Int. J. Refrig.99 (2019), 300–315.10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.01.007Search in Google Scholar

[4] A. Martinez, D. Astrain, A. Rodriguez and P. Aranguren, Advanced computational model for Peltier effect based refrigerators, Appl. Therm. Eng.95 (2016), 339–347.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.021Search in Google Scholar

[5] D. Astrain, P. Aranguren, A. Martínez, A. Rodríguez and M. G. Pérez, A comparative study of different heat exchange systems in a thermoelectric refrigerator and their influence on the efficiency, Appl. Therm. Eng.103 (2016), 1289–1298.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.04.132Search in Google Scholar

[6] S. Cheon, H. Lim and J. Jeong, Applicability of thermoelectric heat pump in a dedicated outdoor air system, Energy173 (2019), 244–262.10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.012Search in Google Scholar

[7] B. Andresen, Recent Advances in Thermodynamics Research Including Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics. Nagpur: Nagpur University; 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[8] A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

[9] X. Chen, B. Lin and J. Chen, The parametric optimum design of a new combined system of semiconductor thermoelectric devices, Appl. Energy83 (2006), no. 7, 681–686.10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.06.005Search in Google Scholar

[10] Y. Cheng and C. Shih, Maximizing the cooling capacity and cop of two-stage thermoelectric coolers through genetic algorithm, Appl. Therm. Eng.26 (2006), no. 1, 937–947.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.016Search in Google Scholar

[11] N. M. Khattab and E. T. E. Shenawy, Optimal operation of thermoelectric cooler driven by solar thermoelectric generator, Energy Convers. Manag.47 (2006), no. 4, 407–426.10.1016/j.enconman.2005.04.011Search in Google Scholar

[12] B. Andresen, Current trends in finite-time thermodynamics, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.50 (2011), no. 12, 2690–2704.10.1002/anie.201001411Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] A. Bejan, Entropy generation minimization. The new thermodynamics of finite-size device and finite-time processes, J. Appl. Phys.79 (1996), no. 3, 1191–1218.10.1063/1.362674Search in Google Scholar

[14] R. S. Berry, V. A. Kazakov, S. Sieniutycz, Z. Szwast and A. M. Tsirlin, Thermodynamic Optimization of Finite Time Processes, Wiley, Chichester, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

[15] K. H. Hoffmann, B. Andresen and P. Salamon, Finite-time thermodynamics tools to analyze dissipative processes, in: A. R. Dinner (ed.), Proceedings of The 240 Conference: Science’s Great Challenges, Advances in Chemical Physics, 157, Wiley (2015), 57–67.10.1002/9781118959602.ch5Search in Google Scholar

[16] S. Sieniutycz, Complexity and Complex Thermo-Economic Systems, Elsevier, 2020.Search in Google Scholar

[17] W. Muschik and K. H. Hoffmann, Endoreversible thermodynamics: A tool for simulating and comparing processes of discrete systems, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.31 (2006), no. 3, 293–317.10.1515/JNETDY.2006.013Search in Google Scholar

[18] L. G. Chen, C. Wu and F. R. Sun, Finite time thermodynamic optimization or entropy generation minimization of energy systems, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.24 (1999), no. 4, 327–359.10.1515/JNETDY.1999.020Search in Google Scholar

[19] L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Advances in Finite Time Thermodynamics: Analysis and optimization, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

[20] L. G. Chen, Finite-Time Thermodynamic Analysis of Irreversible Processes and Cycles, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[21] L. G. Chen and S. J. Xia, Progresses in generalized thermodynamic dynamic-optimization of irreversible processes, Sci. Sin. Technol.49 (2019), no. 9, 981–1022.10.1360/N092018-00220Search in Google Scholar

[22] L. G. Chen, S. J. Xia and H. J. Feng, Progress in generalized thermodynamic dynamic-optimization of irreversible cycles, Sci. Sin. Technol.49 (2019), no. 11, 1223–1267.10.1360/N092018-00220Search in Google Scholar

[23] K. Schwalbe and K. H. Hoffmann, Novikov engine with fluctuating heat bath temperature, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.43 (2018), no. 2, 141–150.10.1515/jnet-2018-0003Search in Google Scholar

[24] K. Schwalbe and K. H. Hoffmann, Stochastic Novikov engine with Fourier heat transport, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.44 (2019), no. 4, 417–424.10.1515/jnet-2019-0063Search in Google Scholar

[25] R. T. Paéz-Hernández, J. C. Chimal-Eguía, N. Sánchez-Salas and D. Ladino-Luna, General properties for an Agrawal thermal engine, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.43 (2018), no. 2, 131–140.10.1515/jnet-2017-0051Search in Google Scholar

[26] K. Schwalbe and K. H. Hoffmann, Optimal control of an endoreversible solar power plant, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.43 (2018), no. 3, 255–272.10.1515/jnet-2018-0021Search in Google Scholar

[27] F. Marsik, B. Weigand, M. Tomas, O. Tucek and P. Novotny, On the efficiency of electrochemical devices from the perspective of endoreversible thermodynamics, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.44 (2019), no. 4, 425–438.10.1515/jnet-2018-0076Search in Google Scholar

[28] D. Kingston and A. C. Razzitte, Entropy generation minimization in Dimethyl Ether synthesis: A case study, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.43 (2018), no. 2, 111–120.10.1515/jnet-2017-0050Search in Google Scholar

[29] C. Wang, L. G. Chen, S. J. Xia and F. R. Sun, Optimal concentration configuration of consecutive chemical reaction ABC for minimum entropy generation, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.41 (2016), no. 4, 313–326.10.1515/jnet-2016-0009Search in Google Scholar

[30] T. N. F. Roach, P. Salamon, J. Nulton, B. Andresen, B. Felts, A. Haas, et al., Application of finite-time and control thermodynamics to biological processes at multiple scales, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.43 (2018), no. 3, 193–210.10.1515/jnet-2018-0008Search in Google Scholar

[31] Z. M. Ding, Y. L. Ge, L. G. Chen, H. J. Feng and S. J. Xia, Optimal performance regions of Feynman’s ratchet engine with different optimization criteria, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.45 (2020), no. 2, 191–207.10.1515/jnet-2019-0102Search in Google Scholar

[32] K. H. Hoffmann, K. Schmidt and P. Salamon, Quantum finite time availability for parameteric oscillators, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.40 (2015), no. 2, 121–129.10.1515/jnet-2015-0025Search in Google Scholar

[33] B. Ohara, R. Sitar and J. Soares, Optimization strategies for a portable thermoelectric vaccine refrigeration system in developing communities, J. Electron. Mater.44 (2015), no. 6, 1614–1626.10.1007/s11664-014-3491-9Search in Google Scholar

[34] M. Antonik, B. T. O’Connor and S. Ferguson, Performance and design comparison of a bulk thermoelectric cooler with a hybrid architecture, J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl.8 (2016), no. 2, 021022.10.1115/1.4032637Search in Google Scholar

[35] H. B. Tan, H. Fu and J. L. Yu, Evaluating optimal cooling temperature of a single-stage thermoelectric cooler using thermodynamic second law, Appl. Therm. Eng.123 (2017), 845–851.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.182Search in Google Scholar

[36] L. Zhu and J. L. Yu, Optimization of heat sink of thermoelectric cooler using entropy generation analysis, Int. J. Therm. Sci.118 (2017), 168–175.10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.04.015Search in Google Scholar

[37] D. F. Sun, L. M. Shen, M. Sun, Y. Yao, H. X. Chen and S. P. Jin, An effective method of evaluating the device-level thermophysical properties and performance of micro-thermoelectric coolers, Appl. Energy219 (2018), 93–104.10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.027Search in Google Scholar

[38] L. G. Chen, J. Z. Gong, L. W. Shen, J. Z. Gong and C. Wu, Theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation for the performance of thermoelectric refrigerator, J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn.26 (2001), no. 1, 85–92.10.1515/JNETDY.2001.007Search in Google Scholar

[39] F. K. Meng, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Performance prediction and irreversibility analysis of a thermoelectric refrigerator with finned heat exchanger, Acta Phys. Pol. A120 (2011), no. 3, 397–406.10.12693/APhysPolA.120.397Search in Google Scholar

[40] L. G. Chen, F. K. Meng, Z. M. Ding, S. J. Xia and H. J. Feng, Thermodynamic modeling and analysis of an air-cooled small space thermoelectric cooler, Eur. Phys. J. Plus135 (2020), no. 1.10.1140/epjp/s13360-019-00020-3Search in Google Scholar

[41] X. D. Wang, Y. X. Huang, C. H. Cheng, et al., A three-dimensional numerical modeling of thermoelectric device with consideration of coupling of temperature field and electric potential field, Energy47 (2012), no. 1, 488–497.10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.019Search in Google Scholar

[42] X. D. Wang, Q. H. Wang and J. L. Xu, Performance analysis of two-stage TECs (thermoelectric coolers) using a three-dimensional heat-electricity coupled model, Energy65 (2014), 419–429.10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.047Search in Google Scholar

[43] S. C. Kaushik and S. Manikandan, The influence of Thomson effect in the performance optimization of a two stage thermoelectric cooler, Cryogenics72 (2015), 57–64.10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.08.004Search in Google Scholar

[44] L. G. Chen, F. K. Meng and F. R. Sun, Thermodynamic analyses and optimizations for thermoelectric devices: the state of the arts, Sci. China, Technol. Sci.59 (2016), no. 3, 442–455.10.1007/s11431-015-5970-5Search in Google Scholar

[45] S. M. Pourkiaei, M. H. Ahmadi, M. Sadeghzadeh, S. Moosavi, F. Pourfayaz, L. G. Chen, et al., Thermoelectric cooler and thermoelectric generator devices: a review of present and potential applications, modeling and materials, Energy186 (2019), 115849.10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.179Search in Google Scholar

[46] T. Zheng, L. Chen, F. Sun and C. Wu, Effect of heat leak and finite thermal capacity on the optimal configuration of a two-heat-reservoir heat engine for another linear heat transfer law, Entropy5 (2003), no. 5, 519–530.10.3390/e5050519Search in Google Scholar

[47] H. J. Song, L. G. Chen, J. Li, F. R. Sun and C. Wu, Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines with linear phenomenological heat transfer law, J. Appl. Phys.100 (2006), no. 12, 124907.10.1063/1.2400512Search in Google Scholar

[48] J. Li, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat-engines for maximum power-output with linear phenomenological heat-transfer law, Appl. Energy84 (2007), no. 9, 944–957.10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.03.001Search in Google Scholar

[49] H. Song, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines for maximum efficiency with radiative heat transfer law, Sci. China, Ser. G, Phys. Mech. Astron.51 (2008), no. 9, 1272–1286.10.1007/s11433-008-0124-4Search in Google Scholar

[50] L. G. Chen, H. Song and F. R. Sun, Endoreversible radiative heat engines for maximum efficiency, Appl. Math. Model.34 (2010), no. 7, 1710–1720.10.1016/j.apm.2009.09.017Search in Google Scholar

[51] M. Huleihil and B. Andresen, Convective heat transfer law for an endoreversible engine, J. Appl. Phys.100 (2006), no. 1, 014911.10.1063/1.2212271Search in Google Scholar

[52] L. G. Chen, F. R. Sun and C. Wu, Influence of heat transfer law on the performance of a Carnot engine, Appl. Therm. Eng.17 (1997), no. 3, 277–282.10.1016/S1359-4311(96)00027-0Search in Google Scholar

[53] J. Li, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Finite-time exergoeconomic performance of an endoreversible Carnot heat engine with complex heat transfer law, Int. J. Energy Environ.2 (2011), no. 1, 171–178.10.1080/14786461003802134Search in Google Scholar

[54] J. Li, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Fundamental optimal relation of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump with complex heat transfer law, Pramana J. Phys.74 (2010), no. 2, 219–230.10.1007/s12043-010-0022-ySearch in Google Scholar

[55] A. de Vos, Efficiency of some heat engines at maximum power conditions, Am. J. Phys.53 (1985), no. 6, 570–573.10.1119/1.14240Search in Google Scholar

[56] L. G. Chen, H. Song, F. R. Sun and C. Wu, Optimal configuration of heat engines for maximum power with generalized radiative heat transfer law, Int. J. Ambient Energy30 (2009), no. 3, 137–160.10.1080/01430750.2009.9675799Search in Google Scholar

[57] L. G. Chen, F. R. Sun and C. Wu, Thermoelectric-generator with linear phenomenological heat-transfer law, Appl. Energy81 (2005), no. 4, 358–364.10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.011Search in Google Scholar

[58] F. K. Meng, L. G. Chen and F. R. Sun, Performance characteristics of the multielement thermoelectric generator with radiative heat transfer law, Int. J. Sustain. Energy31 (2012), no. 2, 119–131.10.1080/1478646X.2010.535001Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2020-04-22
Revised: 2020-10-10
Accepted: 2020-11-20
Published Online: 2020-12-11
Published in Print: 2021-04-26

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 10.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jnet-2020-0050/html
Scroll to top button