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The Geochemistry of the Mineral Waters and Hydrogenic Sediments of the Antonovsky Hydrosulfuric Mineral Spring, Sakhalin Island

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Abstract

Original data on the isotope and chemical compositions of mineral springs, cold ground and surface waters, as well as hydrogenic deposits of the Antonovsky manifestation of hydrosulfuric mineral waters (the coast of the Tatar Strait, Sakhalin Island), are presented. The data on the contents of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in ground and surface waters, as well as the volumetric activity of radon and rare-earth elements are obtained for the first time. Based on automatic monitoring of the physical parameters of the mineral water, its hydrogeological characteristics are determined and balneological properties are assessed. It is found that the mineral waters of the spring are weakly alkaline, hydrocarbonic–chloride calcium–sodium with total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 1 g/L. According to the isotope data, the genesis of the waters is atmospheric and the circulation time is less than 60 years. The gas composition is dominated by nitrogen of atmospheric genesis (δ15N = 0.0). High contents of organic carbon (Corg = 56.6 mg/L) are explained by the processes of interaction between groundwater and organic matter in water-bearing rocks. When organic matter is decomposed in the presence of sulfates and without access to oxygen, hydrosulfuric acid is released, producing several intermediate and stable sulfur compounds in hydrogenic sediments and bacterial mats. Elemental, sulfide, and sulfate forms of sulfur have been detected in the bottom sediments and in the new formations of the mineral spring, using electron microscopy. The interaction of waters with organic matter of rocks plays a significant role in the formation of the elemental composition of hydrogenic and biogenic deposits of the Antonovsky hydrosulfuric mineral spring and their enrichment with such metals as Zn, Ge, As, Sr, Ba, U, and Th. One characteristic feature of the mineral waters is the presence of a markedly pronounced positive europium anomaly, which is typical of waters with low Eh values.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant YaF_a no. 19-55-50002. The study of the rare-earth elements was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 18-17-00245.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    G. A. Chelnokov, I. V. Bragin, N. A. Kharitonova & V. Yu. Lavrushin

  2. Far East Institute of Geology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    I. V. Bragin, N. A. Kharitonova, K. Yu. Bushkareva & A. A. Karabtsov

  3. Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    N. A. Kharitonova

  4. Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 693022, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia

    R. V. Zharkov

  5. Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment, Vladivostok Branch, Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 690105, Vladivostok, Russia

    B. I. Chelnokova

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  1. G. A. Chelnokov
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  7. B. I. Chelnokova
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Correspondence to G. A. Chelnokov.

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Recommended for publishing by O. V. Chudaev

Translated by L. Mukhortova

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Chelnokov, G.A., Bragin, I.V., Kharitonova, N.A. et al. The Geochemistry of the Mineral Waters and Hydrogenic Sediments of the Antonovsky Hydrosulfuric Mineral Spring, Sakhalin Island. Russ. J. of Pac. Geol. 14, 571–585 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819714020060020

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