A Model of the Big Bang and Universe Expansion in General Relativity with Spread of a Gas Mass from a Point to Empty Space

Abstract

A new model is constructed for the Big Bang and the expansion of the Universe, based on a description of a spread of a finite mass of ideal (nonviscous and non-heat-conducting) gas from a point (“initial hot singularity”) to empty space in the framework of general and special relativity (GR and SR). That is, the expansion began inside the sphere with the gravitational radius of the Universe. At first sight, such a spread, like a spread of the singularity of a black hole, is impossible. However, a fundamental difference is that a black hole results from a collapse of a massive star after complete burning of its thermonuclear fuel. Therefore, although at a collapse the temperature, pressure and density grow infinitely, this growth is such that the gravitational forces in the course of compression are always larger than the resisting high pressure. Everything is the opposite at a spread of the initial hot singularity because of the huge (at the beginning of the spread) energy and pressure of all kinds of massless (with zero rest mass) and massive particles and antiparticles, under a negligible contribution of the excess (over antibaryons and positrons) baryons and electrons. In the process of spreading, the situation changes, and the energy of the atoms formed by these baryons and electrons becomes dominant.