Abstract
In this paper, we report the turbulent flow structures and the scour geometry around two piers with different diameters. An experiment was conducted on a non-uniform sand bed with two types of tandem arrangements, namely, pier (T1) with a 75 mm front and 90 mm rear, and pier (T2) with a 90 mm front and 75 mm rear, with and without-seepage flows, respectively. A strong wake region was observed behind the piers, but the vortex strength diminished with downward seepage. Streamwise velocity was found to be maximum near the bed downstream of the piers and at the edge of the scour hole upstream of the piers. Quadrant analysis was used to recognize the susceptible region for sediment entrainment and deposition. Upstream of the piers near the bed, the moments, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and TKE fluxes were found to decrease with downward seepage, in contrast to those in a plane mobile bed without piers. The reduction percentages of scour depth at the rear pier compared with the front one were approximately 40% for T1 and 60% for T2. Downward seepage also resulted in restrained growth of scouring with time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Melville B W. Local Scour at Bridge Sites. Auckland: The University of Auckland, 1975
Ettema R. Scour at bridge piers. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Auckland: The University of Auckland, 1980
Qadar A. The vortex scour mechanism at bridge piers. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Part Research & Theory. Aligarh, 1981
Chiew Y M. Local scour at bridge piers. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Auckland: University of Auckland, 1984
Richardson E V, Davis S R. Evaluating Scour at Bridges. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration, 2001
Pasiok R, Stilger-Szydlo E. Sediment particles and turbulent flow simulation around bridge piers. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 10(2): 67–79
Melville B W, Coleman S E. Bridge Scour. Lone Tree, CO: Water Resources Publications, 2000
Izadinia E, Heidarpour M, Schleiss A J. Investigation of turbulence flow and sediment entrainment around a bridge pier. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2013, 27(6): 1303–1314
Ataie-Ashtiani B, Baratian-Ghorghi Z, Beheshti A A. Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour of compound piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2010, 136(6): 343–351
Beg M. Characteristics of developing scour holes around two piers placed in transverse arrangement. In: Scour and Erosion. California, 2010
Salim M, Jones J S. Scour around exposed pile foundations. In: North American Water and Environment Congress & Destructive Water. California: ASCE, 1996
Ataie-Ashtiani B, Beheshti A A. Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 132(10): 1100–1104
Mahjoub Said N, Mhiri H, Bournot H, Le Palec G. Experimental and numerical modelling of the three dimensional incompressible flow behaviour in the near wake of circular cylinders. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2008, 96(5): 471–502
Palau-Salvador G, Stoesser T, Rodi W. LES of the flow around two cylinders in tandem. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2008, 24(8): 1304–1312
Ataie-Ashtiani B, Aslani-Kordkandi A. Flow field around single and tandem piers. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 2013, 90(3): 471–490
Okajima A, Yasui S, Kiwata T, Kimura S. Flow-induced streamwise oscillation of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2007, 28(4): 552–560
Sumner D. Two circular cylinders in cross-flow: A review. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2010, 26(6): 849–899
Elhimer M, Harran G, Hoarau Y, Cazin S, Marchal M, Braza M. Coherent and turbulent processes in the bistable regime around a tandem of cylinders including reattached flow dynamics by means ofhigh-speed PIV. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2016, 60: 62–79
Sharma H D, Chawla A S. Manual of Canal Lining. Technical Report No. l4. Central Board of Irrigation and Power New Delhi, 1975
Krishnamurthy K, Rao S. Theory and experiment in canal seepage estimation using radioisotopes. Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam), 1969, 9(3): 277–293
Berenbrock C. Stream Flow Gains and Losses in the Lower Boise River Basin, Idaho, 1996–97. Boise: US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 1999
Tanji K K, Kielen N C. Agricultural Drainage Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Rome, UN: FAO, 2002
Kinzli K D, Martinez M, Oad R, Prior A, Gensler D. Using an ADCP to determine canal seepage loss in an irrigation district. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(6): 801–810
Martin C A, Gates T K. Uncertainty of canal seepage losses estimated using flowing water balance with acoustic Doppler devices. Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam), 2014, 517: 746–761
Lu Y, Chiew Y M, Cheng N S. Review of seepage effects on turbulent open channel flow and sediment entrainment. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2008, 46(4): 476–488
Cao D, Chiew Y M. Suction effects on sediment transport in closed-conduit flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2014, 140(5): 04014008
Rao A R, Sreenivasulu G, Kumar B. Geometry of sand-bed channels with seepage. Geomorphology, 2011, 128(3–4): 171–177
Francalanci S, Parker G, Solari L. Effect of seepage-induced nonhydrostatic pressure distribution on bed-load transport and bed morphodynamics. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 134(4): 378–389
Qi M, Chiew Y M, Hong J H. Suction effects on bridge pier scour under clear-water conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2013, 139(6): 621–629
Chavan R, Sharma A, Kumar B. Effect of downward seepage on turbulent flow characteristics and bed morphology around bridge piers. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2017, 16(1): 60–72
Wu B, Molinas A, Julien P Y. Bed material load computations for nonuniform sediments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 130(10): 1002–1012
Marsh N A, Western A W, Grayson R B. Comparison of methods for predicting incipient motion for sand beds. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 130(7): 616–621
Chiew Y M, Melville B W. Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 1987, 25(1): 15–26
Yang S Q, Tan S K, Lim S Y. Velocity distribution and dipphenomenon in smooth uniform open channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 130(12): 1179–1186
Goring D G, Nikora V I. Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2002, 128(1): 117–126
Deshpande V, Kumar B. Turbulent flow structures in alluvial channels with curved cross-sections under conditions of downward seepage. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2016, 41(8): 1073–1087
Tennekes H, Lumley J L. A First Course in Turbulence. London: MIT Press, 1972
Lu S S, Willmarth W W. Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1973, 60(3): 481–511
Cellino M, Lemmin U. Influence of coherent flow structures on the dynamics of suspended sediment transport in open-channel flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 130(11): 1077–1088
Raupach M R. Conditional statistics of Reynolds stress in rough-wall and smooth-wall turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1981, 108: 363–382
Maity H, Mazumder B S. Contributions of burst-sweep cycles to Reynolds shear stress over fluvial obstacle marks generated in a laboratory flume. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2012, 27(3): 378–387
Chavan R, Kumar B. Experimental investigation on flow and scour characteristics around tandem piers in sandy channel with downward seepage. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2017, 16(3), 313–322
Chavan R, Kumar B. Prediction of scour depth and dune morphology around circular bridge piers in seepage affected alluvial channels. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 18(4): 923–945
Kumar V, Raju K G R, Vittal N. Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1999, 125(12): 1302–1305
Mia M F, Nago H. Design method of time-dependent local scour at circular bridge pier. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2003, 129(6): 420–427
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chavan, R., Huai, W. & Kumar, B. Alluvial channel hydrodynamics around tandem piers with downward seepage. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 14, 1445–1461 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0648-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0648-x