Abstract
Information on the taxonomic composition and stratigraphic distribution of small benthic foraminifers in the Danian–Priabonian Paleogene stages of Syria based on the analysis of V.A. Krasheninnikov’s collections is presented. The small benthic foraminiferal zones identified in the Palmyrid sections within the framework of planktonic foraminiferal zonation developed by Krasheninnikov and correlated with the zonal standard of the International Stratigraphic Scale (zones P1–P17) are the following: Stensioeina beccariiformis–Anomalina danica Zone (P1a–P2); Vaginulina robusta–Pyramidina crassa Zone (P3); Reussella paleocenica Zone (P4–P5); Pseudogaudryina soldadoensis–Cibicidoides lybicus Zone (P6–P7); Hydromylinella wittpyuti Zone (P8–P9); beds with Paragaudryina dalmatina–Hydromylininella wittpyuti (P10 and P11); Falsoplanulina ammophila Zone (P12 and P13); beds with Queraltina epistominoides (P14); and Planulina costata Zone (P15–P17). The presence of species from these zones in other regions of Syria and Egypt is inferred from Krasheninnikov’s published works. The composition and development of the Paleogene foraminifera of Syria and the Crimean-Caucasian region that represent the Tethys and northeastern Peri-Tethys biota, respectively, are compared.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Abdul-Rakhim, A.H. and Nemkov, G.I., Zonal subdivision of Paleogene deposits of the Damascus Region (Syria) based on nummulitids, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav. Geol. Razved., 1972, no. 7, pp. 27–31.
Alegret, L., Molina, E., and Thomas, E., Benthic foraminiferal turnover across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary at Agost (southeastern Spain). Paleoenvironmental inferences, Mar. Micropalaeontol., 2003, no. 48, pp. 251–279.
Ansary, S.E., Report on the foraminiferal fauna from the Uhher Eocene of Egypt, Publ. Inst. Deserte Egypte, 1955, no. 6.
Atlas litologo-paleogeograficheskikh kart SSSR. T. 4. Paleogenovyi, neogenovyi i chetvertichnyi periody (Atlas of Lithological–Paleogeographic Maps of the USSR, Vol. IV. Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary Periods), Moscow: GUGK, 1967 [in Russian].
Bendjamini, Ch., Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Avedat Group (Eocene) of the northern Negev, Israel, J. Paleontol., 1980, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 325–358.
Beniamovsky, V., Dynamics of development of benthic Paleocene–Early Eocene foraminifera faunas of the European paleobiographic area (EPA), STRATA. Sér. 1, 1998, vol. 9, pp. 29–32.
Beniamovsky, V.N., Substantiation of a detailed stratigraphic scheme of Lower Palaeogene of the Crimea–Caucasus Region, in Puti detalizatsii stratigraficheskikh skhem i paleogeograficheskikh rekonstruktsii (Ways for Specification of Stratigraphic Scales and Paleogeographic Reconstructions), Gladenkov, Yu.B. and Kuznetsova, K.I., Eds., Moscow: GEOS, 2001, pp. 210–223.
Beniamovsky, V.N., The Middle Eocene stratigraphic scale of the Crimean–Caucasian area based on planktonic foraminifers: Evolutionary Rates, stages and ecology, in Mater. LVII sess. Paleontol. Obshch. pri RAN “Tempy evolyutsii organicheskogo mira i biostratigrafiya” (Proc. LVII Sess. Paleontol. Soc. Russ. Acad. Sci. “Evolutionary Rates of the Organic World and Biostratigraphy”), St. Petersburg, 2011a, pp. 29–30.
Beniamovsky, V.N., Detailed planktonic foraminiferal zonation of Middle Eocene in Crimean-Caucasus Region of Northeastern Peritethys, Berichte Geol. B.-A., 2011b, vol. 85.
Beniamovsky, V.N., Oberhäensli, H., Alekseev, A.S., and Overchkina, M.N., The anoxic Kuma Formation (Latest Lutetian–Earliest Priabonian) basin of Eastern Peri-Tethys: an environmental study, in Early Paleogene Warm Climates and Biosphere Dynamics. Abstracts, Goteborg, 1999.
Berggren, W.A. and Aubert, J., Paleocene benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology of Atlantic-Tethyan region: Midway-type fauna, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 1975, vol. 18, pp. 73–192.
Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher, C.C., and Aubry, M.-P., A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, Soc. Econ. Pal. Miner. Spec. Publ., 1995, no. 54, pp. 129–212.
Bugrova, E.M., New planispiral nodosaurides, Paleontol. Zh., 1985, no.1, pp. 42–51.
Bugrova, E.M., Zonal subdivision of the Eocene of the Bakhchisaray area of Crimea based on small foraminifers, Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Geol., 1988a, no. 1, pp. 82–91.
Bugrova, E.M., Zonal subdivision of the Eocene of the south of USSR based on benthic foraminifers, Izv. AN SSSR.Ser. Geol., 1988b, vol. 300, no. 1, pp. 169–171.
Bugrova, E.M., Small benthic foraminifers from the Eocene zonal assemblages of the south of USSR, in Ezhegodnik VPO (Yearbook All-Union Paleontol. Soc.), 1989, vol. 32, pp. 13–29.
Bugrova, E.M., Recovery of North Caucasus foraminiferal assemblages after the pre-Danian extinction, in Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events. Geol. Soc. London. Spec. Publ., 1996, no. 102, pp. 337–342.
Bugrova, E.M., Foraminifera evolution and dispersal in the Early Paleogene post-crisis epoch, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 1999, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 154–160.
Bugrova, E.M., Late Paleocene event, North Caucasus, in Ispol’zovanie sobytiino-stratigraficheskikh urovnei dlya mezhregional’noi korrelyatsii fanerozoya Rossii. Metodicheskoe posobie (The Usage of Event–Stratigraphy Levels for Interregional Correlation of the Phanerozoic in Russia. Textbook of Methods), St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2000a, pp. 94–97.
Bugrova, E.M., Middle Eocene (Kuma) event, North Caucasus, in Ispol’zovanie sobytiino-stratigraficheskikh urovnei dlya mezhregional’noi korrelyatsii fanerozoya Rossii. Metodicheskoe posobie (The Usage of Event–Stratigraphy Levels for Interregional Correlation of Phanerozoic in Russia. Textbook of Methods), St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2000b, pp. 97–99.
Bugrova, E.M., New taxa of Paleogene benthic foraminifers of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Paleontol. J., 2001a, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 3–9.
Bugrova, E.M., Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the Upper Eocene foraminifera on the northern part of the Tethys basin, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2001b, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 92–104.
Bugrova, E.M., Paleogene ciliates and problematic microfossils from the northeastern margins of the Tethys basin, Paleontol. J., 2003, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
Bugrova, E.M., Paleogene foraminifers of the central part of Great Caucasus and Cis-Caucasus, in Atlas vazhneishikh grupp fauny mezozoisko-kainozoiskikh otlozhenii Severnogo Kavkaza i Predkavkaz’ya (Atlas of the Main Faunistical Assemblages from Mesozoic–Cenozoic Deposits of the Northern Caucasus and Cis-Caucasus), St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2004, pp. 64–76.
Bugrova, E.M., Paleogene of Turkmenistan (a renewed scheme of zonal sequence and correlation), Neftegaz. Geol., Teor. Pract., 2009, no. 4, pp. 1–32. http://www.ngtp.ru.
Bugrova, E.M., New data on the family Caucasinidae N. Bykova (Late Cretaceous-Miocene foraminifers), Paleon-tol. J., 2012, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 132–141.
Bugrova, E.M., Problems of the position of some subdivisions of International Time Scale boundaries in revised Paleogene regional stratigraphic schemes of Russia and CIS, in Obshchaya stratigraficheskaya shkala Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy obustroistva (General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia: Current State and Ways of Perfection), Moscow: Geol. Inst. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2013, pp. 329–331.
Bugrova, E.M., Boundaries of the Paleogene stages (ISS) in the Regional Stratigraphic Scale of Tajikistan, in Mater. nauchn. Konf., posvyashch. 80-letiyu akademika Dzhalilova M.R. “Geologiya i voprosy seismichnosti territorii Tadzhikistana” (Geology and Problems of Seismic Activity of Tajikistan), Dushanbe, 2014, pp. 36–43.
Bugrova, E.M., Benthic foraminifers of the Paleogene of Syria (stratigraphy, correlation with Peri-Tethys fauna), in Mater. LXII sess. Paleontol. Obshch. pri RAN (Proc. LXII Sess. Paleontol. Soc. Ross. Acad. Sci.), St. Petersburg, 2016, pp. 36–37.
Bugrova, E.M. and Pis’mennaya, N.S., On the position of the Lutetian–Bartonian boundary in the regions of Northern Caucasus, Vestn. Yuzhno-Ross. Gos. Tekhn. Univ. Ser. Nauki o Zemle, 2009, no. 1, pp. 155–162.
Bugrova, E.M. and Starshinin, A.S., New data on development of the northeastern part of the Tajik Depression in Early Paleogene, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2013, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 652–659.
Cimmerman, F., Jelen, B., and Skaberne, D., Late Eocene benthic foraminiferal fauna from clastic sequence of the Socka–Dobrna area and its chronostratigraphic importance (Slovenia), Geologija (Ljubljana), 2006, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 7–44.
Ctojanova, V. and Petrov, G., Stratigrafsko rasprostranenie na foraminiferite od Tikveshkiot Basen vo Republika Makedonija, Posebno Izd. Geol. Macedonica, 2008, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 63–74 [in Bulgarian].
Geology and mineral resources of foreign countries. Syria, in Tr. NIL Zarubezhgeologiya. Vyp. 18 (Trans. Res. Lab. Geol. Foreign Countries), Leningrad: Nedra, 1969 [in Russian].
Grünig, A., Systematical description of Eocene benthic foraminifera of Possagno (Northern Italy), Sansoain (Northern Spain) and Biarritz (Aquitain, France), Mem. Inst. Geol. Mineral. Univ.Padova, 1985, vol. 37, pp. 251–302.
Hantken, M., Die Fauna der Clavulina szaboi – Schichten, Königlich-Ungarische Geol.Anst., 1875, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–93.
Hernitz Kučenjak, M., Premec Fućek, V., Slavković, R., and Mesić, I.A., Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Late Eocene and Oligocene in the Palmyride area, Syria, Geol. Croatica, 2006, vol. 59/1, pp. 9–39.
Horváth-Kollányi, K., Eocene bentonic smaller Foraminifera fauna from Dudar, Ann. Inst. Geol. Publici Hungarici, 1988, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 6–173.
Khalilov, D.M., Mikrofauna i stratigrafiya paleogenovykh otlozhenii Azerbaidzhana (Paleogene Microfauna and Stratigraphy of Deposits of Azerbaijan), Baku: Izd. Akad. Nauk Azerb. SSR, 1962 [in Russian].
Krasheninnikov, V.A., The significance of foraminifers from Danian and Paleogene open tropical basins for the development of the International Stratigraphic Scale, Vopr. Mikropaleontol., 1964, vol. 8, pp. 190–213.
Krasheninnikov, V.A., Zonal stratigraphy of the Danian deposits, in Zonal’naya stratigrafiya paleogena Vostochnogo Sredizemnomor’ya. Tr. GIN AN SSSR. Vyp. 133 (Zonal Paleogene Stratigraphy of the Eastern Mediterranean. Trans. Geol. Inst. USSR Acad. Sci. Vol. 133), Moscow: Nauka, 1965a, pp. 5–27.
Krasheninnikov, V.A., Zonal stratigraphy of Paleogene deposits, in Dokl. Sov. geologov na XXII sess. Mezhd. geol. kongr. “Problema stratigrafii kainozoya” (Dokl. Soviet Geologists, XXII Sess. Int. Geol. Congr. “Problem of Cenozoic Stratigraphy”), Moscow: Nedra, 1965b, pp. 37–61.
Krasheninnikov, V.A., Stratigraphy of Paleogene deposits of Siria, in Zonal’naya stratigrafiya paleogena Vostochnogo Sredizemnomor’ya. Tr. GIN AN SSSR. Vyp. 133 (Trans. Geol. Inst. USSR Acad. Sci. Vol. 133), Moscow: Nauka, 1965c, pp. 28–75.
Krasheninnikov, V.A., Syria. Paleogene, in Geological Framework of the Levant. Vol. I. Pt. II, Jerusalem, 2005, pp. 299–342.
Krasheninnikov, V.A. and Basov, I.A., Stratigraphy of Paleogene deposits of the World Ocean and their correlation with continental sequences, in Tr. GIN AN SSSR. Vyp. 432 (Trans. Geol. Inst. USSR Acad. Sci. Vol. 432), Moscow: Nauchn. Mir, 2007.
Krasheninnikov, V.A. and Nemkov G.I., Relationship between planktonic foraminifers and nummulites in the Paleogene deposits of Syria, Vopr. Mikropaleontol., 1975, vol. 18, pp. 179–211
Krasheninnikov, V.A. and Ponikarov, V.P., Stratigraphy of Mesozoic and Paleogene deposits of Egypt, Sov. Geol., 1964, no. 2, pp. 42–71.
Krasheninnikov, V.A. and Ponikarov, V.P., Zonal stratigraphy of Paleogene in the Nile Valley, Geol. Surv. Min. Res. Depart. Cairo, 1965, no. 32, pp. 1–26.
Krasheninnikov, V.A. and Ashourov, A.A., Relation of pelagic and shallow-water (nummulitic) facies in the Paleogene of Syria and distribution of chert phosphate-oil shale rocks, in Proc. II Int. Symp. of the Geology of the Eastern Mediterranian Region. Jerusalem, 1995, p.12.
Krasheninnikov, V.A., Golovin, D.I., Mouravyov, V.I., with collaboration of Helon, R., Nseir, H., and Shweki, A., The Paleogene of Syria—Stratigraphy, Lithology, Geochronology, Geol. Jb.,Reiche B, 1996, vol. 86, pp. 3–136.
Liebus, A., Die Foraminiferenfauna der Mitteleocänen Mergel von Norddalmatien, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Sitzungsber, 1911, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 865–956.
Loeblich, A.R. and Tappan, H., Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification, New York: Van Nostrand Rienhold Co, 1988.
Luterbacher, H.P. and Premoli Silva, I., Biostratigrafia del limite Cretaceo-Terziario nell’Appennino Centrale, Riv. Ital. Paleontol., 1964, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 67–128.
Luterbacher, H.P., Ali, J.R., Brinkhuis, H., et al., The Paleogene period, in A Geological Time Scale 2004, Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004, pp. 384–408.
Mintuzova, L.G., Detail stratigraphy of Paleocene–Eocene deposits of the Kerch Peninsula and their correlation with adjacent areas of Crimea, in Biostratigraficheskie osnovy sozdaniya stratigraficheskikh skhem fanerozoya Ukrainy (Biostratigraphic Basis for Development of Phanerozoic Stratigraphic Schemes of the Ukraine). Kiev: Inst. Geol. NAN, 2008, pp. 150–158 [in Ukrainian].
Pardo, A., Adatte, Th., Keller, G., and Oberhänsli, H., Paleoenvironmental changes across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary at Koshak, Kazakhstan, based on planktic foraminifera and clay mineralogy, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 1999, no. 154, pp. 247–273.
Popov, S.V., Akhmetiev, M.A., Bugrova, E.M., et al., Biogeography of the Northern Peri-Tethys from the Late Eocene to the Early Miocene. Part 1. Late Eocene, Paleontol. J., 2001, vol. 35, Suppl. 1, pp. S1–S68.
Popov, S.V., Akhmetiev, M.A., Lopatin, A.V., et al., Paleogeography and biogeography of the Paratethys Basins. Part I. Early Eocene—Early Miocene, in Tr. PIN RAN. T. 292 (Trans. Paleontol. Inst. Ross. Acad. Sci. Vol. 292), Moscow: Nauchn. Mir, 2009.
Popov, S.V., Tabachnikova, I.P., Pinchuk, T.N., Akhmetiev, M.A., and Zaporozhets, N.I., The reference section of Eocene deposits in the Belaya River valley, Adygea, Western Ciscaucasia, Stratigr. Geol. Correl., 2019, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 118–132.
Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po mikrofaune. T. 8. Foraminifery kainozoya (Practical Guide to Microfauna. Vol. 8. Cenozoic Foraminifera), Bugrova, E.M., Ed., St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2005 [in Russian].
Saidova, Kh.M., O sovremennom sostoyanii sistemy nadvidovykh taksonov kainozoiskikh bentosnykh foraminifer (On the Current State of the System of Superspecific Taxa of the Cenozoic Benthic Foraminifera), Moscow: Inst. Okeanol. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 1981 [in Russian].
Speijer, R.P. and Van der Zwaan, G.J., Extinction and survivorship of southern Tethyan benthic foraminifera across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, in Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events. Geol. Soc. London. Spec. Publ., 1996, no. 102, pp. 343–371.
Sztrakos, K., Les Foraminiferes bartoniens et priaboniens des couches a “Tritaxia szaboi” de Hongrie et essai de reconstitution paleogeographique de la Montagne Centrale de Hongrie au Bartonien et Priabonien, Cah. Micropaleontol., 1987, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5–37.
Stratigraficheskii kodeks Rossii. Izd. tret’e (Stratigraphic Code of Russia, the3rd ed.), Zhamoida, A.I., Ed., St. Petersburg: Mezhved. Stratigr. Kom. Rossii, Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2006 [in Russian].
Vandenberghe, N., Higen, F.J., Speijer, R.P., et al., The Paleogene Period, in The Geologic Time Scale 2012, Gradstein, F.M., , Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012, pp. 855–921.
Vvedenie v izuchenie foraminifer. Klassifikatsiya melkikh foraminifer mezo-kainozoya (Introduction to the Study of Foraminifera. Classification of Small Foraminifera of the Meso-Cenozoic), Subbotina, N.N., Voloshinova, N.A., Azbel’, A.Ya., Eds., Leningrad: Nedra, 1981 [in Russian].
Zakrevskaya, E.Yu., Bugrova, E.M., Shcherbinina, E.A., Saakyan, L.G., Airapetyan, F.A., Grigoryan, T.E., and Voloshina, O.V., Micropaleontological characteristics of middle Eocene–lower Oligocene of Landzhar and Urtsalandzh sections, Southern Armenia, Byull. Mosk. O–va Ispyt. Prir.,Otd. Geol., 2017, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 60–85.
Zonal’naya stratigrafiya fanerozoya Rossii. Paleogenovaya sistema (Zonal Phanerozoic Stratigraphy of Russia. Paleogene System), Koren’, T.N., Ed., St. Petersburg: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst., 2006, pp. 172–193.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am deeply grateful to V.A. Krasheninnikov for the collection material kindly provided for the study of benthic foraminifers of the Paleogene of Syria.
Reviewed by A.S. Alekseev, E.Yu. Zakrevskaya, and L.N. Kopaevich
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dedicated to the memory of Valery Arkad’evich Krasheninnikov
Translated by S. Semenova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bugrova, E.M. Biostratigraphy of the Paleogene of Syria Based on Small Benthic Foraminifera. Stratigr. Geol. Correl. 28, 765–780 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593820040048
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593820040048