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Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in Microbial Communities of the Kulunda Steppe Soda Lakes (Altai Krai, Russia)

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Abstract—

Soda lakes are relic ecosystems inhabited by unique microorganisms, which are doubly extremophilic: both haloalkaliphilic and natronophilic. Two morphologically and physiologically similar monocultures of filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (FAPB) were isolated from the water samples and biofilms on plants of the coastal zones of the steppe soda lakes Tanatar 6 and Gorchina 1 (Kulunda, Altai krai) during the season of their desalination. In their natural environments, FAPB coexisted with anoxygenic purple sulfur bacteria of the genera Chromatium, Thiocapsa, Ectothiorhodospira, and Thiorhodospira, as well as with oxygenic phototrophs (alkaliphilic cyanobacteria, euglenophytes, and diatoms). FAPB formed filaments surrounded by thin sheaths; their cells contained antenna structures (chlorosomes). Apart from small amounts of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a in the reaction center, both isolates contained also antenna BChl c and BChl d. Alpha- and beta-carotenes and their derivatives were also detected. FAPB grew well in the medium containing Na2S ∙ 9H2O (500 mg/L) at total mineralization of 15−30 g/L and pH 8−9.5. Identification of both cultures based on amino acid composition of the PufLM complex revealed that they belonged to the phylum Chloroflexi and were almost 100% identical both to each other and to the halo-alkaliphilic isolate “Candidatus Viridilinea mediisalina” Kir15-3F revealed previously in the Kiran soda lake (Eastern Siberia, Russia). It may be concluded that “Cand. Viridilinea mediisalina” is a typical component of Siberian soda lakes with moderate salinity.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

DNA sequencing was partially carried out using the equipment of the Bioengineering Joint Use Center, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Funding

The work was supported by the Evolution of Organic World and Planetary Processes program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (subprogram 2), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects nos. 19-04-00423, 19-04-00377, 18-04-00684а, and the Russian Federation Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    V. M. Gorlenko, I. A. Bryantseva, O. S. Samylina, N. A. Kostrikina & V. V. Kozyaeva

  2. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia

    A. A. Ashikhmin

  3. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276, Moscow, Russia

    M. A. Sinetova

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  1. V. M. Gorlenko
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Correspondence to V. M. Gorlenko.

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Translated by P. Sigalevich

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Gorlenko, V.M., Bryantseva, I.A., Samylina, O.S. et al. Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in Microbial Communities of the Kulunda Steppe Soda Lakes (Altai Krai, Russia). Microbiology 89, 697–707 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261720060053

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