Abstract
One of the main functions of gas turbine monitoring is to estimate important unmeasured variables, for instance, thrust and power. Existing methods are too complex for an online monitoring system. Moreover, they do not extract diagnostic features from the estimated variables, making them unusable for diagnostics. Two of our previous studies began to address the problem of “light” algorithms for online estimation of unmeasured variables. The first study deals with models for unmeasured thermal boundary conditions of a turbine blade. These models allow an enhanced prediction of blade lifetime and are sufficiently simple to be used online. The second study introduces unmeasured variable deviations and proves their applicability. However, the algorithms developed were dependent on a specific engine and a specific variable. The present paper proposes a universal algorithm to estimate and monitor any unmeasured gas turbine variables. This algorithm is based on simple data-driven models and can be used in online monitoring systems. It is evaluated on real data of two different engines affected by compressor fouling. The results prove that the estimates of unmeasured variables are sufficiently accurate, and the deviations of these variables are good diagnostic features. Thus, the algorithm is ready for practical implementation.
Funding statement: The work has been carried out with the support of the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico (research project 20161184).
Nomenclature
- n
Rotation speed
- P
Pressure
- T
Temperature
- W
Shaft power
Vector of operating conditions (control variables and ambient conditions)
Vector of monitored variables
Vector of unmeasured variables
Vector of fault parameters
- δ
Deviation
- εZ
Estimation error of an unmeasured variable
- η
Efficiency
- Subscripts
- 0
Baseline value, inlet value
- C
Compressor
- CT
Compressor turbine
- f
Fuel
- H
Altitude
- in
Inlet
- PT
Power turbine
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Appendix. Deviations of unmeasured variables
Deviations of Engine 1 variables (universal algorithm).
Deviations of Engine 2 variables (universal algorithm).
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