Abstract
Stink bugs are considered limiting pests to important crops worldwide. In Brazil, the green-belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has become a key pest to the young phase of corn crop, being a problem especially when it succeeds soybean in the field. Injuries caused by this species vary from holes on new leaves to plant death in severe attacks. The main control technique used to this pest are seed treatment and insecticide spraying. Although both methods show some efficiency, factors as outbreaks in the resistance to insecticides and the different susceptibility existent among stink bugs population, leads to the search of other control strategies. Thus, less harmful tools to the environment and humans are highly desirable. In this sense, resistant plants appear as a valuable alternative for insect management, being compatible with other IPM methods. This study evaluated the resistance of 16 corn genotypes to D. melacanthus in order to characterize antixenosis and/or antibiosis expression. Antixenosis was accessed through preference multi-choice test with 5th instar nymphs. For antibiosis assessment, 60 2nd instar nymphs were confined on seedlings of 13 selected genotypes. Seedlings of IAC 8046, IAC 8390 and SCS 156 Colorado corn genotypes were less infested by D. melacanthus at 24 h after bugs were released indicating antixenosis expression. Genotypes IAC 8390 and JM 2M60 negatively affected some biological parameters of the green belly stink bug, indicating the occurrence of antibiosis. These genotypes can be useful to breeding programs focusing on corn resistance to stink bugs species.
Zusammenfassung
Baumwanzen gelten als Schädlinge für wichtige Kulturen weltweit. In Brasilien ist die grüne Baumwanze Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) zu einem Schlüsselschädling für die junge Phase der Maisernte geworden, was insbesondere dann ein Problem darstellt, wenn die Anpflanzung des Maises der Sojabohne folgt. Die von dieser Art verursachten Schäden variieren von Löchern auf neuen Blättern bis hin zum Absterben der Pflanzen bei schwerem Befall. Die wichtigsten Bekämpfungsmethoden für diesen Schädling sind die Saatgutbehandlung und das Besprühen mit Insektiziden. Obwohl beide Methoden eine gewisse Effizienz aufweisen, führen Faktoren wie Ausbrüche der Insektizidresistenz und die unterschiedliche Anfälligkeit der Baumwanzen-Population zur Suche nach anderen Bekämpfungsstrategien. Daher sind weniger schädliche Methoden für die Umwelt und den Menschen höchst wünschenswert. In diesem Sinne erscheinen resistente Pflanzen als eine wertvolle Alternative für das Insektenmanagement, da sie mit anderen IPM-Methoden kompatibel sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Resistenz von 16 Mais-Genotypen gegen D. melacanthus, um die Wirkung von Antixenose und/oder Antibiose zu erforschen. Die Antixenose wurde durch Präferenz-Multi-Choice-Tests mit Larven im 5. Stadium untersucht. Zur Beurteilung der Antibiose wurden 60 Larven im 2. Stadium auf Sämlinge von 13 ausgewählten Genotypen ausgesetzt. Sämlinge der Mais-Genotypen IAC 8046, IAC 8390 und SCS 156 aus Colorado waren 24 h nach der Freisetzung der Insekten weniger von D. melacanthus befallen, was auf eine Antixenosewirkung hindeutet. Die Genotypen IAC 8390 und JM 2M60 wirkten sich negativ auf einige biologische Parameter der grünen Baumwanze aus, was auf das Auftreten von Antibiose hinweist. Diese Genotypen können nützlich sein, um Programme zu entwickeln, die sich auf die Maisresistenz gegen Baumwanzenarten konzentrieren.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 for the financial support and scholarship granted to Nadia Maebara Bueno and to National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the productivity scholarship in research granted to Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin and André Luiz Lourenção.
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N.M. Bueno, E.L.L. Baldin, V.F. Canassa, L.P. Ribeiro, I.F. Silva, A.L. Lourenção and R.L. Koch declare that they have no competing interests.
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Bueno, N.M., Baldin, E.L.L., Canassa, V.F. et al. Characterization of Antixenosis and Antibiosis of Corn Genotypes to Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 67–76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00529-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00529-z