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Visual analysis of the morphological features and polysaccharide distribution of raw ramie and their influence on degumming

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Abstract

The morphological features of raw ramie and the distribution of polysaccharides on such features were investigated using various microscopes to reveal the pivotal factors that influence microbial degumming efficiency. Results indicated that the morphological features mainly included fence, chunk, membrane, ribbon, and plank shapes. The various morphological features had their respective coverage characteristics. The fence and chunk shapes distributed on the membrane shape and cemented the fiber bundle. The ribbon shape was covered by the plank shape in several locations, and they covered one lateral surface of the fiber bundle as an integral. All of these morphological features were not observed in the refined fiber, indicating these features belonged to gum that consists of non-cellulosic components traditionally. However, some cellulose was also found in these features and should be classified as a new kind of gum component because this part of cellulose was not used for weaving. Apart from cellulose, the membrane shape contained mannan and xylan, and the fence and chunk shapes contained pectin, but the ribbon and plank shapes contained three of them. What’s more, the xylan on the membrane and ribbon shapes was masked by several components, and the mannan on the membrane and plank shapes was also masked. Furthermore, the coverage characteristics of the morphological features and the masking relationship (cross-linking) among polysaccharides influenced the contact degree between the enzyme and gum and further degumming efficiency. Increasing the contact degree between the enzyme and gum is a pivotal factor for improving degumming efficiency.

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Abbreviations

OM:

Optic microscope

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

LSCM:

Laser scanning confocal microscope

IF:

Immunofluorescence

CBM3a:

Carbohydrate-binding module directed to crystalline cellulose

LM10:

The primary antibodies specifically combined with xylan

LM18:

The primary antibodies specifically combined with pectin

LM21:

The primary antibodies specifically combined with mannan

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21676111). The analysis of OM, AFM and CLSM were carried out at the Research Core Facilities for Life Science (HUST). The SEM observation was finished at Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The authors wish to express gratitude to their supports.

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  1. Pandeng Li and Tong Shu have contributed equally to the work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Pandeng Li, Tong Shu, Huihui Wang, Yun Bai, Tianyi Yu, Mengxiong Xiang, Fangyu Fu, Chunhua Fu, Ying Yang & Longjiang Yu

  2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Pandeng Li, Tong Shu, Huihui Wang, Yun Bai, Tianyi Yu, Mengxiong Xiang, Fangyu Fu, Chunhua Fu, Ying Yang & Longjiang Yu

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  1. Pandeng Li
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  2. Tong Shu
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  3. Huihui Wang
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Correspondence to Longjiang Yu.

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Li, P., Shu, T., Wang, H. et al. Visual analysis of the morphological features and polysaccharide distribution of raw ramie and their influence on degumming. Cellulose 28, 1203–1218 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03599-4

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