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Numerical exploration of the features of thermally enhanced chemically reactive radiative Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow via Darcy medium over non-linearly stretching surface affected by a transverse magnetic field and convective boundary conditions

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Abstract

This communication lineup the characteristics of MHD, heat sink/source, and convective boundary conditions in chemically reactive radiative Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow via Darcy channel using a nonlinearly settled stretching sheet/surface. A binary chemical reaction term is considered in the model. Nonlinear radiation is accounted within the flow. The model involves effect of heat sink/source. Convective boundary conditions are employed. Brownian motion and Thermophoresis are considered. An applied transverse magnetic field effect is considered that impacts through an inclined angle for enhancement of electromagnetic conductance of the nanofluid. Furthermore, low Reynolds is assumed to dismiss the induction of magnetic field. The so-formulated boundary layer governing equations consist of two variables in Cartesian coordinates that are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via suitably moderated transformations. The solutions are obtained numerically and portrayed graphically as well as in the form of data tables. Behavior of the flow profiles is interpreted for various fluid parameters. The outcomes are plotted for both nonlinear and linear stretching rates of surface. The change in Skin-friction, and Nusselt and Sherwood factors is noted for both the linear and nonlinear stretching cases. The outcomes indicate that the enhanced porosity factor is a major source of reduction in fluid velocity and enhancement of the drag force. Furthermore, the involvement of radiation factor sufficiently enhances the temperature distribution. The results obtained here are useful in industrial applications of nanofluids, especially in designing heating equipment, propulsion devices, gas turbines, nuclear plants, space-type vehicles, satellites, and many others.

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Availability of data

The data that support the findings of this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamics

PDE:

Partial differential equation

ODE:

Ordinary differential equation

x, y :

Cartesian coordinates/m

u, v :

Horizontal and vertical velocity components/m\({\cdot }\)s\(^{-1}\)

\(u_w(x)\) :

Stretching velocity/m\({\cdot }\)s\(^{-1}\)

b :

Stretching rate/s\(^{-1}\)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity/Pa\({\cdot }\)s \(\nu\) Kinematic viscosity/m\(^2{\cdot }\)s\(^{-1}\)

k :

Thermal conductivity/W\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-1}{\cdot }\)K\(^{-1}\)

\(B_0\) :

Applied magnetic field intensity/A\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-1}\)

\(\rho _{fl}\) :

Density/kg\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-3}\)

\(D_{Br}\) :

Brownian diffusion

\(D_{Th}\) :

Thermophoresis

T :

Temperature distributions /K

C :

Concentration distributions /kg\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-3}\)

\(\sigma\) :

Fluid Electric conductivity /(\(\Omega\) m)\(^{-1}\)

\((\rho c)_{fl}\) :

Fluid’s productive heat capacity/J\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-3}{\cdot }\)k\(^{-1}\)

\((\rho c)_{p}\) :

Nanoparticles’ productive heat capacity/J\({\cdot }\)m\(^{-3}{\cdot }\)k\(^{-1}\)

\(\tau\) :

Heat capacity ratio for fluid and nanoparticles

\(K_r\) :

Binary term for chemical reaction

\(E_1\) :

Activation energy

Pr :

Prandtl number

\(N_t\) :

Thermophoresis

Sc :

Schmidt number

\(Nu_{x}\) :

Nusselt factor (Heat flux parameter)

\(Sh_{x}\) :

Sherwood factor (Mass flux parameter)

\(N_b\) :

Brownian diffusion

\(F_r\) :

Forchheimer number

\(\gamma\) :

Binary chemical reaction parameter

\(E_1\) :

Activation energy parameter

\(\lambda\) :

Porosity factor

\(R_1\) :

Thermal radiation

\(\eta\) :

Variable

\(f'\) :

Velocity

\(\theta\) :

Temperature

\(\phi\) :

Concentration

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Wuxi, 214105, Jiangsu, China

    Ghulam Rasool

  2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China

    Ghulam Rasool

  3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China

    Anum Shafiq

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Correspondence to Ghulam Rasool.

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Rasool, G., Shafiq, A. Numerical exploration of the features of thermally enhanced chemically reactive radiative Powell–Eyring nanofluid flow via Darcy medium over non-linearly stretching surface affected by a transverse magnetic field and convective boundary conditions. Appl Nanosci 13, 229–246 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01625-2

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