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The effect of Yb doping on ZnO thin films obtained via a low-temperature spin coating method

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Abstract

The spin coating method was employed to fabricate Yb-doped ZnO thin films at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 at.% over a glass substrate at low temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure was retained even at high doping contents. With the incorporation of Yb+3 ions, a slight decrease in the lattice parameters and crystallite size was observed as the ytterbium content increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ytterbium in the doped ZnO films, and the oxidation state of ytterbium was 3+ for all the samples. Morphological studies revealed a surface microstructure formed by micro islands, which tended to be denser as the ytterbium content increased. Optical transmittance was observed at approximately 75–85%, a blueshift was observed, and consequently, an increase in the bandgap, which varies from 3.0 to 3.2 eV, was observed. The refractive index and extinction coefficient decreased as the ytterbium dopant concentration increased. The photoluminescence results exhibited a strong ultraviolet emission, allowing the use of these thin films in optoelectronic applications.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by COECYTJAL through FODECYJAL Program and Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, through the Research Chair in Nanotechnology and Devices Design, Cátedras-CONACYT #144 project, Universidad de Guadalajara (NPTC 2018 UDG-PTC-1397, PROSNI 248772, PROSNI 248771). We are expressing our sincere thanks to Dra. Leticia Myriam Torres Guerra and Dra. Maria Rocio Alfaro Cruz from the Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía of FIC-UANL, México for their valuable support given for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Edgar R. López-Mena, Jose A. Renteria-Salcedo & Alex Elías-Zuñiga

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Industrial Los Belenes, 45157, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    O. Ceballos-Sanchez

  3. Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, X-Frontiers Block, Level 5, Singapore, 637553, Singapore

    T. J. N. Hooper

  4. Universidad Politécnica de Yucatán, Carretera Merida-Tetiz, Km. 4.5, 97357, Ucu, YUC, México

    Gildardo Sanchez-Ante

  5. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia

    Mateo Rodríguez-Muñoz

  6. CONACYT-Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. José Guadalupe Zuno # 48, Industrial Los Belenes, 45157, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    A. Sanchez-Martinez

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  1. Edgar R. López-Mena
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  2. O. Ceballos-Sanchez
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All authors listed have made substantial contributions during the design, acquisition, analysis and processing of the work reported here. Also, all authors have participated in the writing and review of this paper. All authors have approved this version to be submitted to this journal.

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López-Mena, E.R., Ceballos-Sanchez, O., Hooper, T.J.N. et al. The effect of Yb doping on ZnO thin films obtained via a low-temperature spin coating method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 347–359 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04785-7

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