Abstract
The impacts of crop rotation systems on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore density, mycorrhizal colonization of rice roots, soil C fractions and C stocks in seasonally dry climatic zone of Sri Lanka were examined in Rice–Soybean (RS) and Rice–Onion (RO) crop rotation systems during the subsequent rice cultivation season and, compared these with a rice monoculture, i.e. Rice–Rice (RR). The study also examined the correlations between AMF occurrence and soil carbon stocks. Results revealed that RS crop rotation system significantly enhances the occurrence of AMF spores in soil with a higher fraction of large sized spores, the total organic C (TOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), water soluble C (WSC), labile C and a high AMF colonization in rice roots in the subsequent rice cultivation season. The diversity of AMF morphospecies were also the highest in RS. Reduction in AMF density in the soil in RR crop rotation system may be due to prolonged anaerobic conditions prevailed. The growth of onion has drastically reduced the AMF colonization in rice and soil C contents. Soil carbon stocks showed positive correlations with % root colonization and AMF spore number in soil. Thus, the study confirmed that C stocks in paddy soils can be improved by intercropping with AMF supporting plants like soya bean. This is the first report that shows positive correlations of AMF sporulation and % root colonization in lowland rice with soil carbon stocks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ab RahmanSinghPieterseSchenk SFSECM PM (2018) Emerging microbial biocontrol strategies for plant pathogens. Plant Sci 267:102–111
Adesemoye AO, Kloepper JW (2009) Plant–microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:1–12
Anderson JM, Ingram JSI (1993) Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods. CABIpublishing, UK
Baker KF (1976) The determination of organic carbon in soil using a probe-colorimeter. Lab Prac 25:82–83
Barea JM (1991) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae as modifiers of soil fertility. Adv Soil Sci 15:1–40
Benbi DK, Brar K, Toor AS, Singh P (2015) Total and labile pools of soil organic carbon in cultivated and undisturbed soils in northern India. Geoderma 237:149–158
Błaszkowski J (2012) Glomeromycota, Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, p 303
Charron G, Furlan V, Bernier-Cardou M, Doyon G (2001) Response of onion plants to arbuscular mycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza 11:187–197
Cheng L, Booker FL, Tu C, Burkey KO, Zhou L, Shew HD, Rufty TW, Hu SJ (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase. Plant Soil organic carbon decomposition under elevated CO2. Science 337:1084–1087
Cheng Y, Ishimoto K, Kuriyama Y, Osaki M, Ezawa T (2013) Ninety-year-, but not single, application of phosphorus fertilizer has a major impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Plant Soil 365:397–407
FAO (2003) Sustainable rice based production and people’s livelihood, international rice commission newsletter (special edition). International Rice Commission FAO, Rome, Italy
FAO (2004). Rice is life-International Year of Rice .http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm downloaded on 8/8/2018
FAO (2017). Crop diversification in Sri Lanka. Retrieved fromhttp://www.fao.org/ docrep/003/x6906e/x6906e0b.htm
Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH (1963) Spores of mycorrhizalendogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans Br MycolSoc 46:235–244
Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in roots. New Phyto 84(3):489–500
Godbold DL, Hoosbeek MR, Lukac M, Cotrufo M, Janssens IA, Ceulemans R, Polle A, Velthorst EJ, Scarascia-Mugnozza G, De Angelis P, Miglietta F (2006) Mycorrhizal hyphal turnover as a dominant process for carbon input into soil organic matter. Plant Soil 281:15–24
Higo M, Isobe K, Kang DJ, Ujiie K, Drijber RA, Ishii R (2010) Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or crop rotation with mycorrhizal plants improves the growth of maize in limed acid sulfate soil. Plant prod Sci 13:74–79
Hoseinzade H, Ardakani MR, Shahdi A, Rahmani HA, Noormohammadi G, Miransari M (2016) Rice (Oryza sativa L.) nutrient management using mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic Herbaspirillum seropedicae. J Integr Agr 15:1385–1394
Ilag L, Rosales AM, Elazegui FA, Mew TW (1987) Changes in the populations on infective endomycorrhizal fungi in a rice-based cropping system. Plant Soil 103:67–73
Ijdo M, Cranenbrouck S, Declerck S (2011) Methods for large-scale production of AM fungi: past, present, and future. Mycorrhiza 21:1–16
Javaid A (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal mediated nutrition in plants. J Plant Nutr 32:1595–1618
Liu Z, Zhou W, Shen J, He P, Lei Q, Liang G (2014) A simple assessment on spatial variability of rice yield and selected soil chemical properties of paddy fields in South China. Geoderma 235:39–47
Maiti D, Singh RK, Variar M (2012) Rice-based crop rotation for enhancing native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) activity to improve phosphorus nutrition of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biol Fertil Soils 48:67–73
Moore JM, Klose S, Tabatabai MA (2000) Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as affected by cropping systems. Biol Fertil Soils 31:200–210
Morgan PW, Drew MC (1997) Ethylene and plant responses to stress. Physiol Plant 100:620–630
Muthayya S, Hall J, Bagriansky J, Sugimoto J, Gundry D, Matthias D, Maberly G (2012) Rice fortification: an emerging opportunity to contribute to the elimination of vitamin and mineral deficiency worldwide. Food Nutr Bull 33:296–307
Oruru MB, Njeru EM (2016) Upscaling Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Related Agroecosystems Services in Smallholder Farming Systems. Biomed Res Int 2016:4376240. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4376240
Pearson JN, Jakobsen I (1993) The relative contribution of hyphae and roots to phosphorus uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, measured by dual labeling with 32P and 33P. New Phytol 124:489–494
Penrose DM, Glick BR (2003) Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Physiol Plant 118:10–15
Pilbeam CJ, Mathema SB, Gregory PJ, Shakya PB (2005) Soil fertility management in the mid-hills of Nepal: practices and perceptions. Agr Hum Values 22:243–258
Priyadharsini P, Pandey R, Muthukumar T (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungal associations in shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) under conventional agriculture. Acta Botanica Croatica 71:159–175
Qian K, Wang L, Yin N (2012) Effects of AMF on soil enzyme activity and carbon sequestration capacity in reclaimed mine soil. Int J Min Sci Technol 22:553–557
Ratnayake RR, Perera BACA, Rajapaksha RPSK, Ekanayake EMHGS, Kumara RKGK, Gunaratne HMAC (2017) Soil carbon sequestration and nutrient status of tropical rice based cropping systems: rice-rice, rice-soya, rice-onion and rice-tobacco in Sri Lanka. CATENA 150:17–23
Rillig MC, Wright SF, Nichols KA, Schmidt WF, Torn MS (2001) Large contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil carbon pools in tropical forest soils. Plant Soil 233:167–177
Sartori GM, Marchesan E, David RD, Nicoloso FT, Schorr MR, Donato G (2016) Growth and development of soybean roots according to planting management systems and irrigation in lowland areas. Ciência Rural 46:1572–1578
Siddiqui ZA, Futai K (eds) (2008) Mycorrhizae: sustainable agriculture and forestry. Springer, New Delhi
Solaiman MZ, Harita H (1998) Glomus-wetland rice mycorrhizas influenced by nursery inoculation techniques under high fertility soil conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 27:92–96
Talpur MA, Changying JI, Junejo SA, Tagar AA (2013) Impact of rice crop on soil quality and fertility. Bulg J Agric Sci 19:1287–1291
Vallino M, Fiorilli V, Bonfante P (2014) Rice flooding negatively impacts root branching and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, but not fungal viability. Plant Cell Environ 37:557–572
Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS (1987) An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass Carbon. Soil Biol Biochem 19:703–707
Wang X, Pan Q, Chen F, Yan X, Liao H (2011) Effects of co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on soybean growth as related to root architecture and availability of N and P. Mycorrhiza 21:173–181
Wang W, Zhong Z, Wang Q, Wang H, Fu Y, He X (2017) Glomalin contributed more to 460 carbon, nutrients in deeper soils, and differently associated with climates and soil 461 properties in vertical profiles. Sci Rep 11:13003
Watanarojanaporn N, Boonkerd N, Tittabut P, Longtonglang A, Young JPW, Teaumroong N (2013) Effect of rice cultivation systems on indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure. Microbes Environ 28:316–324
Weil RR, Islam KR, Stine MA, Gruver JB, Samson-Liebig SE (2003) Estimating active carbon for soil quality assessment: a simplified method for lab andfield use. Am J Al Agr 18:3–17
Wilson GW, Rice CW, Rillig MC, Springer A, Hartnett DC (2009) Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: results from long-term field experiments. Ecol Lett 125:452–461
Yeasmin T, Zaman P, Rahman A, Absar N, Khanum NS (2007) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum production in rice plants. Afr J Agric Res 2:463–467
Yuhashi K, Ichikawa N, Ezura H, Akao S, Minakawa Y, Nukui N, Minamisawa K (2000) Rhizobitoxine production by Bradyrhizobiume lkanii enhances nodulation and competitiveness on Macroptilium atropurpureum. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:2658–2663
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Ms. Kumuduni Karunaratne and Mr. Asanga Pushpakumara National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy for assistance in sampling and chemical analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Research Council, Sri Lanka (Grant no 17-011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Paranavithana, T.M., Marasinghe, S., Perera, G.A.D. et al. Effects of crop rotation on enhanced occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon stocks of lowland paddy fields in seasonaly dry tropics. Paddy Water Environ 19, 217–226 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-020-00833-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-020-00833-4