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Ariel – a window to the origin of life on early earth?

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Abstract

Is there life beyond Earth? An ideal research program would first ascertain how life on Earth began and then use this as a blueprint for its existence elsewhere. But the origin of life on Earth is still not understood, what then could be the way forward? Upcoming observations of terrestrial exoplanets provide a unique opportunity for answering this fundamental question through the study of other planetary systems. If we are able to see how physical and chemical environments similar to the early Earth evolve we open a window into our own Hadean eon, despite all information from this time being long lost from our planet’s geological record. A careful investigation of the chemistry expected on young exoplanets is therefore necessary, and the preparation of reference materials for spectroscopic observations is of paramount importance. In particular, the deduction of chemical markers identifying specific processes and features in exoplanetary environments, ideally “uniquely”. For instance, prebiotic feedstock molecules, in the form of aerosols and vapours, could be observed in transmission spectra in the near future whilst their surface deposits could be observed from reflectance spectra. The same detection methods also promise to identify particular intermediates of chemical and physical processes known to be prebiotically plausible. Is Ariel truly able to open a window to the past and answer questions concerning the origin of life on our planet and the universe? In this paper, we discuss aspects of prebiotic chemistry that will help in formulating future observational and data interpretation strategies for the Ariel mission. This paper is intended to open a discussion and motivate future detailed laboratory studies of prebiotic processes on young exoplanets and their chemical signatures.

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Notes

  1. Translated by D.P. Stern

  2. Noted by Günther Hasinger during Ariel Science, Mission & Community 2020 Conference.

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Acknowledgements

Martin Ferus acknowledges grant no. 19-03314S of the Czech Science Foundation. Laboratory of high resolution spectroscopy acknowledges ERDF/ESF “Centre of Advanced Applied Sciences” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778). Antonín Knížek acknowledges support from grant GAUK 16742. A. Kereszturi acknowledges the support of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003 from NKFIH. V. Čuba and B. Drtinová acknowledge support from MPO TRIO no. FV30139. Lukáš Nejdl acknowledges the support of Grant Agency of Mendel University in Brno IGA MENDELU 2019_TP_009. Vladislav Chernov and Petr Kubelík acknowledge support from the joint RFBR projects (research projects no 20-10591 J and no. 19-52-26006, correspondingly). Special thanks go to Antonín Knížek for comprehensive consolidation of the paper and to Alan Heays for his careful language review of the text.

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Author notes

  1. Vojtěch Adam, Giuseppe Cassone, Svatopluk Civiš, Václav Čuba, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Barbora Drtinová, Bertrand LeFloch, Alan Heays, Sohan Jheeta, Ákos Kereszturi, Antonín Knížek, Miroslav Krůs, Petr Kubelík, Helmut Lammer, Libor Lenža, Lukáš Nejdl, Adam Pastorek, Lukáš Petera, Paul Rimmer, Raffaele Saladino, Franz Saija, Laurenz Sproß, Jiří Šponer, Judit Šponer, Zoe Todd, Markéta Vaculovičová, Kristýna Zemánková and Vladislav Chernov contributed equally and they are ordered alphabetically.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague 8, CZ, Czech Republic

    Martin Ferus, Svatopluk Civiš, Alan Heays, Antonín Knížek, Petr Kubelík, Libor Lenža, Adam Pastorek & Lukáš Petera

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ613 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Vojtěch Adam, Libor Lenža, Lukáš Nejdl, Markéta Vaculovičová & Kristýna Zemánková

  3. CNR-IPCF, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy

    Giuseppe Cassone & Franz Saija

  4. Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic

    Václav Čuba, Barbora Drtinová & Adam Pastorek

  5. National Technical University of Athens, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou str.; GR−15780, Zografou, Athens, Greece

    Elias Chatzitheodoridis

  6. CNRS, IPAG, University, Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Bertrand LeFloch

  7. Network of Researchers on the Chemical Evolution of Life, Leeds, UK

    Elias Chatzitheodoridis & Sohan Jheeta

  8. Konkoly Astronomical Institute, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary and European Astrobiology Institute, Strasbourg, France

    Ákos Kereszturi

  9. Departments of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Antonín Knížek

  10. Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic

    Miroslav Krůs

  11. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042, Graz, Austria

    Helmut Lammer & Laurenz Sproß

  12. Valašské Meziříčí Observatory, Vsetínská 941757 01, Valašské Meziříčí, Czech Republic

    Libor Lenža

  13. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Hlavova 8, CZ12800, Czech Republic

    Lukáš Petera

  14. University of Cambridge, Cavendish Astrophysics, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK

    Paul Rimmer

  15. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 OQH, UK

    Paul Rimmer

  16. University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Raffaele Saladino

  17. Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jiří Šponer & Judit Šponer

  18. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Zoe Todd

  19. Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Pl, Voronezh, 394018, Russia

    Vladislav Chernov

Authors
  1. Martin Ferus
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  2. Vojtěch Adam
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  27. Markéta Vaculovičová
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  28. Kristýna Zemánková
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  29. Vladislav Chernov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Ferus.

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Ferus, M., Adam, V., Cassone, G. et al. Ariel – a window to the origin of life on early earth?. Exp Astron 53, 679–728 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-020-09681-w

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