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The utilization of waste cooking palm oil as a green carbon source for the growth of multilayer graphene

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Abstract

Waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) has been utilized as a green carbon source for the synthesization of graphene by double thermal chemical vapor deposition. The WCPO was placed in the first furnace (precursor furnace) whereas nickel was placed in the second furnace (deposition furnace). The deposition temperatures were varied between 850 and 1100 °C. Raman results reveal the highest 2-D peak for the sample synthesized at 1000 °C, which indicates the high-quality formation of graphene. Besides, the sample also shows good crystallinity with a sharp peak at 26.8° which represents the hexagonal graphite structure and the introduction of graphene sheet formation. On the other hand, the FESEM image displays hexagonal structures since the graphene layers were formed after the precipitation of the carbon. Meanwhile, the UV-Vis result shows the highest reflectance in the visible light region which indicates the presence of the graphene layer on Ni.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mrs. Ts. Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin (Senior Research Officer), Mr. Ts. Salifairus Mohammad Jafar (UiTM Senior Science Officer), Mr. Mohd Azlan Jaafar (UiTM assistant engineer), Mr. Suhaimi Ahmad (UiTM assistant engineer), and Mr. Muhamad Faizal Abd Halim (Assistant Research Officer) for their kind support on this research.

Funding

This work was supported by Grant Nos. 600-IRMI/FRGS-RACER 5/3 (102/2019) and 600-RMIS/1/RAGS 5/3. The study also received financial support from the Research Management Centre (RMC), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), and the Ministry of Higher Education Ministry (MoHE), Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NANO-SciTech Lab (NST), Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology (FMN), Institute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. F. Malek, M. Robaiah, M. Rusop, S. Abdullah, Z. Khusaimi, M. Aslam & N. A. Asli

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. F. Malek, M. Robaiah, S. Abdullah, Z. Khusaimi, M. Aslam & N. A. Asli

  3. Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia

    A. B. Suriani

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia

    A. B. Suriani

  5. NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. H. Mamat & M. Rusop

  6. Microelectronics and Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    M. K. Ahmad

  7. Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology (NITech), Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan

    T. Soga

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  1. M. F. Malek
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Malek, M.F., Robaiah, M., Suriani, A.B. et al. The utilization of waste cooking palm oil as a green carbon source for the growth of multilayer graphene. J Aust Ceram Soc 57, 347–358 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00539-0

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