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Influence of hydrogen and cerium dopant on structural, optical, and magnetic properties of anatase nanoparticles

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Abstract

Cerium-incorporated TiO2 nano-composite powders were fabricated by a facile procedure included co-decomposition of the required chemical complexes. The structures of the synthesized composites were investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique through Rietveld refinement method, which confirmed the formation of almost single anatase (A) phase. The formed tiny rutile (R) and Titania (B) phases were vanished with Ce doping and hydrogenation. The optical band-gap was red-shifted with Ce doping and blue-shifted with the hydrogenation. The results confirmed that the hydrogenation process was vital to create ferromagnetic (FM) properties in Ce-incorporated TiO2. A saturation magnetization of ~0.18 emu/cm3 was measured for the hydrogenated ~10 at% Ce sample.

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Abbreviations

A:

Anatase phase

B:

Titania B-phases

BGN:

Band-gap narrowing

CBs:

Crystallite boundaries

CS:

Crystallite size

CF:

Crystallites surfaces

DRS:

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

DMS:

Dilute magnetic semiconductor

ECM:

Electronic crystalline medium

E g :

Band-gap energy

FM:

Ferromagnetic

Hc :

Coercive force

K-M:

Kubelka-Munk equation

Mr :

Remanence

Ms :

Saturation magnetization

M. B:

Moss-Burstein

PM:

Paramagnetic

R:

Rutile phase

RT-FM:

Room-temperature ferromagnetism,

Rb:

Brookite phase

SSS:

Substitutional solid solution

TM:

Transition-metal

VOs:

Oxygen vacancies

VSM:

Vibrating sample magnetometer

W-H:

Williamson-Hall

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

λg :

Absorption threshold wavelength

μ:

Εffective magnetic moment

χ(vol) :

Volume susceptibility

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  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain

    A. A. Dakhel

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Dakhel, A.A. Influence of hydrogen and cerium dopant on structural, optical, and magnetic properties of anatase nanoparticles. J Electroceram 45, 22–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-020-00221-8

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