Fluoride bioactive glass paste improves bond durability and remineralizes tooth structure prior to adhesive restoration
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Modern adhesive dentistry provided patients with many optimal solutions for treating their carious teeth however, the durability of adhesive restorations and increasing their longevity inside patients’ oral cavities are among the main aims of development in dental field [1].
One of the limitations of adhesive resins is its questionable ability to be bonded to demineralized enamel and dentin [2]. Although, many adhesive systems nowadays involve the phosphoric acid monomer 10-MDP to provide protection to the tooth cavities’ enamel and dentin cavosurface margins [[3], [4], [5]], previous research indicated that 10-MDP monomer has limited protective effect on phosphoric acid etched dentin [6]. Moreover, the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) recently increased reaching 4–20% incidence [7]. This increases the demands of using effective remineralization strategies capable of restoring the teeth calcium and phosphate levels to their original levels within a short duration of time prior to bonding these hypomineralized enamel surfaces to adhesive restorative materials [8].
Other challenges faced by adhesive restorations is its limited ability to remineralize the enamel and dentin walls due to the resinous matrix of these materials that limit the transfer of any inorganic ions from the restorative material to the bonded enamel [9] or dentin walls. Moreover, the nanoleakage expression at the dentin resin interface is an indication for decreased durability of resin-dentin durability and possible short term degradation of the hybrid layer [10] especially after etching the dentin surface exposed to pulpal pressure [11]. The use of bioactive glasses for the remineralization of enamel and dentin surfaces through forming a calcium phosphate rich layer showed promising results during the past ten years [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]].
This study tested the potential of using a fluoride bioactive glass (FBG) as a temporary filling material prior to bonding procedures. The null hypotheses in the current study are that FBG paste will not (a) Remineralize the demineralized enamel or dentin. (b) Improve the acid resistant of enamel and dentin resin interface at the cavosurface margin. (c) Decrease the nanoleakage expression due to pulpal pressure at the resin-dentin interface.
Section snippets
Materials and methods
The experimental procedures and materials tested are summarized in Fig. 1, and Table 1. 120 teeth were utilized in the current experiment.
Trans-microradiography (TMR) experiment
Statistical analysis for ΔZ (mineral loss), lesion depth, in addition to representative TMR images are presented in (Fig. 2, Table 2, Table 3). (Biomin) group showed significant low ΔZ values when compared to the Fluoride 24 h and the Temporary groups (p ≥ 0.05). There was no statistical significance in ΔZ values among the fluoride 24 h and the temporary groups for enamel and dentin specimens p ≥ 0.05. All of the examined groups in the current study did not show any significant difference
Discussion
The null hypotheses in the current study were totally rejected; FBG paste improved the acid resistance of the demineralized enamel and dentin cavosurface margin. Moreover, FBG paste application did not affect the shear bond strength of the Clearfil universal bond to enamel or dentin. Additionally, FBG paste decreased the deteriorating effect of the pulpal pressure on the bond-dentin interface.
Previous research showed that 10-MDP monomer can form insoluble salts with the inorganic components of
Conclusions
Within the limitations of the current in-vitro study, it may be suggested that the application of the FBG as a temporary filling material may provide the following advantages: (a) Remineralize the demineralized enamel and dentin surfaces allowing for the possibility of preparing more conservative teeth cavities. (b) Does not decrease the shear bond strength of enamel and dentin to a one bottle universal bonding system applied in etch and rinse mode. (c) Provide sealing for the resin-dentin
Funding
This project was funded by the research and development office (RDO) at the ministry of education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Grant no (HIQI-11-2019). The authors also, acknowledge with thanks Adminestration of Support For Research and Development Initiatives at King Abdulaziz University for technical support.
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