Abstract
The Karnataka coast is subjected to high wave activity during the southwest monsoon when most of the sandy beaches undergo erosion. Based on the littoral cell concept, the Karnataka coast is broadly divided into 14 major littoral cells and 26 stations are selected in the present study. WaveWatch III global wave model data at 0.5° interval were used to derive the nearshore wave characteristics from XBeach numerical model. The model results were validated with the measured wave rider buoy data of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services. The beach orientation, nearshore slope, median sediment size, significant wave height, mean wave direction, and the peak wave period were used in the estimation of longshore sediment transport rate. The mean significant wave height along the Karnataka coast was about 0.86 m, wave direction was about 210° and peak wave period was about 13 sec. The wave height during southwest monsoon (June–September) was higher, post-monsoon (October–December) was moderate and pre-monsoon (January–May) was the calmest period. Direction of longshore sediment transport was southwards during pre- and post-monsoons when waves were from the south–southwest. Whereas, northwards during monsoon when the wave approach from west–southwest to west. The annual net longshore sediment transport rate estimated was about 0.65×106 m3 towards the south and the sediment budget investigation depicts the loss of 0.067×106 m3 during the study period.
Highlights
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WaveWatch III global wave model data at 0.5° interval were used as input to derive the nearshore wave characteristics from XBeach numerical model.
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The wave height during southwest monsoon (June to September) was higher, post-monsoon (October to December) was moderate and pre-monsoon (January to May) was the calmest period.
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Direction of longshore sediment transport was southwards during pre- and post-monsoons when waves were from the south-southwest. Whereas, northwards during monsoon when the wave approach from west-southwest to west.
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The annual net longshore sediment transport rate estimated was about 0.65×106 m3 towards the south, and the sediment budget investigation depicts the loss of 0.067×106 m3 during the study period.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad for the award of a research project under the Meteorology and Oceanography Programme – III. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services and National Hydrographic Office of India are acknowledged for providing necessary data. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript.
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Ateeth Shetty carried out literature review, study design, data collection, modelling, result interpretation, manuscript preparation, and Prof. K S Jayappa conceptualized and supervised the methodology, reviewed, revised, provided inputs for improvement and approved the final manuscript during peer-review process.
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Shetty, A., Jayappa, K.S. Seasonal variation in longshore sediment transport rate and its impact on sediment budget along the wave-dominated Karnataka coast, India. J Earth Syst Sci 129, 234 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01504-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01504-y