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Astroglial Regulation of Magnocellular Neuroendocrine Cell Activities in the Supraoptic Nucleus

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Abstract

Studies on the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system have significantly facilitated our understanding of the regulation of neural activities. This has been exemplified in the interactions between astrocytes and magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), specifically during osmotic stimulation and lactation. In response to changes in neurochemical environment in the SON, astrocytic morphology and functions change significantly, which further modulates MNC activity and the secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin. In osmotic regulation, short-term dehydration or water overload causes transient retraction or expansion of astrocytic processes, which increases or decreases the activity of SON neurons, respectively. Prolonged osmotic stimulation causes adaptive change in astrocytic plasticity in the SON, which allows osmosensory neurons to reserve osmosensitivity at new levels. During lactation, changes in neurochemical environment cause retraction of astrocytic processes around oxytocin neurons, which increases MNC’s ability to secrete oxytocin. During suckling by a baby/pup, astrocytic processes in the mother/dams exhibit alternative retraction and expansion around oxytocin neurons, which mirrors intermittently synchronized activation of oxytocin neurons and the post-excitation inhibition, respectively. The morphological and functional plasticities of astrocytes depend on a series of cellular events involving glial fibrillary acidic protein, aquaporin 4, volume regulated anion channels, transporters and other astrocytic functional molecules. This review further explores mechanisms underlying astroglial regulation of the neuroendocrine neuronal activities in acute processes based on the knowledge from studies on the SON.

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Acknowledgements

VP is an Honorary Professor at University of Rijeka, Croatia.

Funding

The publication is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31471113, YFW) and the Fund of "Double-First-Class" Construction of Harbin Medical University (key laboratory of preservation of human genetic resources and disease control in China). VP’s work is supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (R01GM123971).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Stephani C. Wang

  2. Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35242, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

  3. Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang, Harbin, 150086, China

    Yu-Feng Wang

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  1. Stephani C. Wang
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  2. Vladimir Parpura
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  3. Yu-Feng Wang
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SCW wrote the first draft; VP and YFW conceived the content of this manuscript and edited subsequent drafts.

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Correspondence to Vladimir Parpura or Yu-Feng Wang.

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Special Issue: In Honor of Vladimir Parpura.

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Wang, S.C., Parpura, V. & Wang, YF. Astroglial Regulation of Magnocellular Neuroendocrine Cell Activities in the Supraoptic Nucleus. Neurochem Res 46, 2586–2600 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-020-03172-2

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