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Investigating Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Continuous Casting of Steel with CONOFFLINE

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Abstract

A new model, CONOFFLINE, has been developed to simulate transient thermal behavior of a longitudinal section down a continuous steel slab-casting machine. The model was first verified by comparing its predictions of shrinkage through the strand thickness with transient measurements of roll forces in a thick-slab caster during a series of speed changes. The model was then applied to investigate the evolution of temperature and shell thickness in a typical caster after sudden changes in casting speed. Simple equations are proposed to estimate the settling time of metallurgical length and surface temperature during sudden speed changes for both thin- and thick-slab casters. Finally, the influence of different spray cooling control methods on these behaviors during casting speed changes is investigated.

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Abbreviations

c p :

Nominal specific heat

\( c_{\text{p}}^{*} \) :

Effective specific heat, including effect of latent heat

f p :

Mass fraction of phase p = α, γ, δ, s, l (respectively, α-ferrite, austenite, δ-ferrite, solid, and liquid)

f s,cohere :

Minimum solid fraction necessary for strand to be coherent

h sw :

Heat transfer coefficient due to spray cooling

i :

Used for numbering CON1D slices in CONOFFLINE

K :

“K-factor” in simple model of shell growth

k :

Thermal conductivity

L :

Thickness of the strand (in the x-direction)

L f :

Latent heat of solidification

L(T):

Length of a temperature dependent material at temperature T

ΔL(T):

Change in length of a temperature dependent material from temperature Tref to temperature T

L x :

Characteristic length in x-direction

L z :

Characteristic length in z-direction

Pe:

Péclet number

Q sw :

Spray water flux (volume of water hitting strand surface per unit area and time)

\( \bar{q}_{\text{m}} \) :

Average heat flux in the mold

q sw :

Heat flux due to spray cooling

s :

Shell thickness

T :

Temperature

\( \hat{T} \) :

Strand temperature predicted by CONOFFLINE

T i :

Temperature of CON1D slice number i

TLE:

Thermal linear expansion

T ref :

Reference temperature used in calculation of TLE

T surf :

Temperature of strand surface

T sw :

Temperature of spray cooling water

t :

Time

\( t_{i}^{0} \) :

Time when CON1D slice number i is at the meniscus

t max :

Estimated upper bound on temperature settling time

v c :

Casting speed

\( v_{{{\text{c}}_{1} }} \) :

Casting speed before a sudden speed change

\( v_{{{\text{c}}_{2} }} \) :

Casting speed after a sudden speed change

v c,final :

Casting speed at the end of a speed change

x :

Distance from inner radius surface

z :

Distance from meniscus

z cohere :

Distance from meniscus where strand is fully coherent

z i :

Distance from meniscus of CON1D slice number i

z ML :

Metallurgical length

ρ :

Density

ρ ref :

Density at reference temperature, used to calculate TLE

ρ(z):

Average density of strand at distance z from the meniscus

τ :

Steel dwell time in the caster

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support of this work by the member companies of the Continuous Casting Center at Colorado School of Mines, the Continuous Casting Consortium at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the National Science Foundation GOALI program (Grant No. CMMI 1300907).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nucor Steel Decatur, 4301 Iverson Blvd, Trinity, AL, 35673, USA

    Bryan Petrus

  2. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Zhelin Chen & Joseph Bentsman

  3. Colorado School of Mines, 1610 Illinois St, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    Brian G. Thomas

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  1. Bryan Petrus
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  2. Zhelin Chen
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Correspondence to Brian G. Thomas.

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Manuscript submitted October 14, 2019.

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Petrus, B., Chen, Z., Bentsman, J. et al. Investigating Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Continuous Casting of Steel with CONOFFLINE. Metall Mater Trans B 51, 2917–2934 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01941-6

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