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Nano Calcium Oxide Incorporated Hydrocolloid Dressings for Wound Care

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A Correction to this article was published on 07 December 2020

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Abstract

Purpose

The study aimed to formulate hydrocolloid dressings incorporated with nano calcium oxide for effective wound healing. Hydrocolloid dressings create an insulated, moist environment in the wound bed for controlling the exudate and promoting autolytic debridement. Calcium ions play an important role in wound response and are considered to be an initial trigger in our immune response to healing, and research has shown that Ca2+ in the external medium is essential for wound repair.

Methods

Seventy five parts per million of nano calcium oxide (NCO) obtained by thermal decomposition of calcium nitrate at 450 °C was used in the preparation of hydrocolloid dressings along with varying concentrations of micronized xanthan gum and HPMC. The dressings were evaluated for their surface characteristics, thickness, mechanical properties, folding endurance, pH, viscosity, swelling studies, water vapor transmission, and in vivo wound healing activity.

Results

The average particle size of NCO was found to be 307.8 nm. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the dressing revealed a porous surface and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) characterization showed intense peaks of calcium and oxygen. The formulated dressings possessed uniform thickness, flexibility, and mechanical strength. The percentage of wound contraction was higher in wounds treated with formulated hydrocolloid dressings in comparison to standard commercial product (DuoDERM® hydrocolloid dressing) and control (untreated) group. The wound healing properties of hydrocolloid dressings were confirmed by histopathological analysis.

Conclusion

Nano calcium incorporated hydrocolloid dressings with enhanced wound healing activity were developed successfully.

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Data Availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Change history

Abbreviations

CaO:

Calcium oxide

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

HD:

Hydrocolloid dressing

HPMC:

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

i.p:

Intraperitoneal

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

NCO:

Nano calcium oxide

NC:

Negative control

ppm:

Parts per million

PC:

Positive control

SEM-EDX:

Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

S. D:

Standard deviation

S. I:

Swelling index

TS:

Tensile strength

WVT:

Water vapor transmission

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences for supporting this project by providing necessary facilities. The authors thank Micro and Nano Characterization Facility (MNCF), Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru for extending instrumentation facilities to conduct ZetaPALS and SEM-EDX studies. The authors also thank Microtrol Sterilization services Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru for extending facilities for radiation sterilization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru, 560054, India

    Sindhu Abraham, Guru Gowtham Sri Harsha, Sharon Furtado & Bharath Srinivasan

  2. Drug Design and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru, India

    Sindhu Abraham

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bengaluru, India

    Kesha Desai

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  1. Sindhu Abraham
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Sindhu Abraham, Guru Gowtham Sri Harsha, Kesha Desai, and Sharon Furtado. The manuscript was written by Sindhu Abraham and reviewed and edited by Bharath Srinivasan. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sindhu Abraham.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics Approval

The protocol of the in vivo study was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) of Faculty of Pharmacy (IAEC Ref No: XXI/MSRFPH/M-13/10.09.2018).

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We certify this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not submitted to another journal. All authors have approved the manuscript and agreed with submission to Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The equation under the Thickness and Mechanical Properties of the Dressing section was captured incorrectly. Below is the correct equation for that section: Tensile strength (N/mm2) = Force at break (N) / Initial cross sectional area (mm2) % E = (Extension of length at rupture / Initial length) x 100

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Abraham, S., Harsha, G.G.S., Desai, K. et al. Nano Calcium Oxide Incorporated Hydrocolloid Dressings for Wound Care. J Pharm Innov 17, 215–226 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-020-09521-6

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