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Diversity and species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across maize fields in the southern part of Belgium

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key actors among soil microbial inhabitants, forming beneficial associations with most horticultural plants and crops (e.g., maize). For maize, the world most cultivated cereal, data on AMF species diversity in fields is sparse and even totally nonexistent in the southern part of Belgium where maize represents 8% of the cultivated area. In the present study, 14 maize fields in South Belgium under conventional, conversion, or organic management were analyzed for AMF diversity and species composition using 454 pyrosequencing. A large part (54%) of the 49 AMF species observed were unknown or have not been described in the literature. AMF diversity highly varied among fields, with the number of species ranging between 1 and 37 according to the field. A statistically significant effect of management was measured on AMF diversity, with the highest Hill index values (diversity and richness) under the organic management system compared with conventional management or conversion. Our results suggest a positive effects of organic management on AMF diversity in maize. They also highlight the rather high diversity or richness of AMF and the large portion of sequences not yet ascribed to species, thereby emphasizing a need to intensify AMF identification in cropping systems.

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Fig. 1
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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Emmanuel Niyigena and Catherine Rasse of «Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique» (Université catholique de Louvain) for their help with statistical analyses. MC and P-LA received financial support from the Service Public de Wallonie Direction générale opérationnelle de l’Agriculture, des Ressources naturelles et de l’Environnement Direction de la Recherche, under contract No D31-1314.

Funding

This research was supported by the Direction Générale opérationnelle de l’Agriculture, des Ressources naturelles et de l’Environnement du service public de Wallonie, contract number D31/1314.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Pierre-Louis Alaux, Coralie Mison, Virginie Moreau & Stéphane Declerck

  2. Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, General Ramón Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Carolina Senés-Guerrero

  3. Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère (CIPF), Croix du Sud, 2 L7.05.11, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Gilles Manssens & Guy Foucart

  4. Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Mycothèque de L’Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Sylvie Cranenbrouck

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  1. Pierre-Louis Alaux
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  2. Coralie Mison
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  3. Carolina Senés-Guerrero
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  8. Stéphane Declerck
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Contributions

MC, SC, GF, and SD conceived the experiments. MC, VM, GM, GF conducted the experiments. CSG conducted the NGS data analyses. P-LA analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript. SC, SD, CSG reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Stéphane Declerck.

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Alaux, PL., Mison, C., Senés-Guerrero, C. et al. Diversity and species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across maize fields in the southern part of Belgium. Mycorrhiza 31, 265–272 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-01007-0

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