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Nanoscale silica coating of porous stainless steel and its impact on water wettability

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Abstract

The water wettability of porous stainless steel specimens was enhanced via a nanoscaled silica coating for application to passive two-phase heat transfer devices. A combination of porous stainless steel and water has attracted attention in the area of the heat transfer devices. However, the water wettability of stainless steel is poor, limiting the performance of the devices. In the present study, the silica coating of the specimens was conducted via a reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) after pretreatment using NaOH aq. or HCl aq. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry revealed that the amount of silica deposited on the surface was dependent on the pretreatment conditions and the composition of the silica-coating solutions. Measurement of porous properties indicated that the silica coating did not affect pore diameter and gas permeability since the coating was in nanoscale. Microscale contact angles were directly evaluated using an environmental SEM. The specimens showed excellent water wettability when they were covered with numerous tiny silica bumps. When the specimen was pretreated with 2 M NaOH aq. and coated in weak alkaline TEOS solution, the contact angle of the porous stainless steel decreased from 87° to 54° after silica coating. The excellent water wettability originated from the relatively smooth surface and a sufficient coverage ratio, which resulted from the moderate strength of chemical etching of the NaOH aq. and the mild silica-coating condition in the weak alkaline solution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Noritsugu Umehara, Mr. Taichi Nakao, and Mr. Rihito Ota from Nagoya University for their contributions to the ESEM experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    Chiemi Oka

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    Kimihide Odagiri

  3. Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    Hosei Nagano

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  1. Chiemi Oka
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Correspondence to Chiemi Oka.

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Video of placing a water droplet on the OH-2 specimen. The OH-2 specimen absorbs the droplet. (MP4 6472 kb)

Video of placing a water droplet on a nontreated specimen. The specimen repels the droplet. (MP4 18809 kb)

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Oka, C., Odagiri, K. & Nagano, H. Nanoscale silica coating of porous stainless steel and its impact on water wettability. J Coat Technol Res 18, 601–609 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00417-1

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