Open Access
September 2020 Size estimation of key populations in the HIV epidemic in eSwatini using incomplete and misaligned capture-recapture data
Abhirup Datta, Andrew Pita, Amrita Rao, Bhekie Sithole, Zandile Mnisi, Stefan Baral
Ann. Appl. Stat. 14(3): 1207-1241 (September 2020). DOI: 10.1214/20-AOAS1327

Abstract

In 2020, our understanding of the distributions of HIV risks in the most burdened settings, including eSwatini, remains limited. In part, this is driven by the limited availability of the size and burden of the populations at the greatest risk for HIV. Given pervasive social and healthcare stigmas, the size estimations of these populations often rely on the multiplier method—a variant of the capture-recapture approach where the first survey is replaced by an enumeration of population members who used some service or attended an event. To characterize the distributions of marginalized communities in eSwatini, multiple data sources are available at each region for the multiplier method. Current practices in such circumstances produce multiple population size estimates at each region ignoring the correlation among these estimates. We recast the multiple multiplier method as a special case of capture-recapture problem with incomplete data and propose a fully model based approach for size estimation using multiple capture-recapture data with arbitrary pattern of incompleteness. We use a data augmentation scheme that allows us to model the correlations in the data and produce a unified estimate of population size per region. A hierarchical model ties together the models for multiple regions, allowing us to borrow strength across the regions and enabling extrapolation to areas without data. In eSwatini we also encounter data misalignment where counts from some of the data sources are not available for each region but as an aggregate over few regions. We propose a solution to the general misalignment problem which considers data-source-specific patterns of misalignment. We use simulation studies to demonstrate the accurate inferential capabilities of our Bayesian multiplier method. This approach is then used to produce uncertainty-quantified population size estimates of key populations in eSwatini. Lastly, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric extension for incomplete capture-recapture that allows nonindependent data sources.

Citation

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Abhirup Datta. Andrew Pita. Amrita Rao. Bhekie Sithole. Zandile Mnisi. Stefan Baral. "Size estimation of key populations in the HIV epidemic in eSwatini using incomplete and misaligned capture-recapture data." Ann. Appl. Stat. 14 (3) 1207 - 1241, September 2020. https://doi.org/10.1214/20-AOAS1327

Information

Received: 1 March 2019; Revised: 1 February 2020; Published: September 2020
First available in Project Euclid: 18 September 2020

MathSciNet: MR4152130
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/20-AOAS1327

Keywords: Bayesian , capture-recapture , epidemiology , HIV , misalignment , multiplier method

Rights: Copyright © 2020 Institute of Mathematical Statistics

Vol.14 • No. 3 • September 2020
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