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Jet impingement heat transfer within a hemisphere

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Abstract

Jet impingement heat transfer finds applications where a large heat flux is required between a fluid and a surface. Impinging jets can be implemented in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) thermal receivers and bayonet tube heat exchangers. A simultaneous outlook on the heat transfer and total pressure loss (performance) characteristics of several jets impinging on a concave hemispherical surface are investigated experimentally and using an axisymmetric Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The four equation Transition SST RANS turbulence CFD model demonstrates to be most suitable for this domain with a mean absolute deviation from the experimental results of < 7% for the heat transfer coefficient and < 8% for the total pressure loss. Empirical correlations for the Nusselt number as a function of the nozzle outlet Reynolds number and Prandtl number are fitted. Relatively good agreement is found between the Nusselt correlation and existing literature. An empirical correlation is also presented for the total pressure loss factor for the jet impingement domain in general because it is found that the dominating total pressure loss occurs because of rapid expansion, which occurs in any impinging free jet. The developed empirical correlations and CFD model can be used to estimate the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a bayonet tube heat exchanger, a solar thermal receiver employing impinging jets as well as other jet impingement domains.

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Notes

  1. This pipe has a diameter of 25 mm and is 399 mm long.

Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

d :

Nozzle diameter (m)

D :

Impingement surface diameter (m)

f d :

Darcy friction factor (-)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2 K))

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

L :

Jet to impingement surface distance (m)

\(\dot {m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

N u :

Nusselt number (-)

p :

Pressure (Pa)

P r :

Prandtl number (-)

\(\dot {Q}\) :

Heat rate (W)

\(\dot {q}\) :

Heat flux (W/m2)

r :

Surface radius from stagnation point (m)

R e :

Reynolds number (-)

T :

Temperature (°C)

TI :

Turbulence intensity (-)

u :

Velocity (m/s)

y + :

Dimensionless distance from a wall (-)

ε :

Roughness constant (-)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/(m s))

ξ :

Loss coefficient (-)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

ω :

Specific turbulence dissipation rate (1/s)

al:

Aluminium

cond:

Condensation

dyn:

Dynamic

exp:

Expansion

es:

Exterior heat transfer surface

fg:

Latent heat

is:

Interior heat transfer surface

l:

Liquid

n:

Nozzle

sat:

Saturation

sph:

Sphere

t:

Total

tc:

Total, component

v:

Vapour

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Prof. Ken Craig, Mr. Jesse Quick and Mr. David McDougall for their advice on CFD modelling. The support of the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG) is appreciated. The assistance and guidance of the Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering workshop is also appreciated. The value of the HPC1 (Rhasatsha) high performance computer at the University of Stellenbosch is acknowledged.

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  1. Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG), Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Derwalt J. Erasmus, Matti Lubkoll & Theodor W. von Backström

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Erasmus, D.J., Lubkoll, M. & Backström, T.W.v. Jet impingement heat transfer within a hemisphere. Heat Mass Transfer 57, 931–948 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02977-9

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