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Cardio-protective effects of a dioxidovanadium(V) complex in male sprague–dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

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Abstract

Cardiovascular complications are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the anti-hyperglycemic effects of various anti-diabetic therapeutic agents like insulin, some of these drugs are implicated in precipitating cardiovascular dysfunction. There is therefore an imperative need to seek alternative drugs that may ameliorate these complications. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a dioxidovanadium (V) complex, cis-[VO2(obz)py]) on selected cardiovascular function markers in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The vanadium complex (40 mg kg) was administered orally twice every 3rd day 5 weeks, non-diabetic and diabetic control groups received distilled water whereas the insulin group received subcutaneous insulin injections twice daily for 5 weeks. Blood glucose concentrations, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol concentrations were monitored weekly for 5 weeks. Rats were then euthanised and blood and hearts were collected for biochemical analysis. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol concentrations as well as blood pressure of vanadium treated rats compared to the untreated diabetic animals. Vanadium treatment also attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and decreased the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad7. Lastly, the administration of the vanadium complex significantly decreased C reactive protein (CRP) and cardiotropin 1(CT-1) concentrations in the plasma and heart tissues. The administration of the dioxidovanadium(V) complex to diabetic rats culminated into cardio-protective effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that this metal complex exhibit a significant potential as an alternative therapeutic drug for DM management.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Biomedical Research Unity (BRU), University of KwaZulu Natal for the supply and housing of the animals, as well as the Chemistry department for synthesising the vanadium compound used in this study.

Funding

This study was partly funded by NRF South Africa, Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers NRF and the University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences research division. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the DST, NRF or the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Bonisiwe Mbatha, Andile Khathi & Phikelelani Ngubane

  2. School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

    Irvin Booysen & Patrick Mangundu

  3. Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa

    Ntethelelo Sibiya

  4. Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu Natal, E-Block, Level 4, Room E4-402, University Road, Chiltern Hills, Westville Campus, 3629, Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Bonisiwe Mbatha

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  1. Bonisiwe Mbatha
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Correspondence to Bonisiwe Mbatha.

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All animal experimentation was reviewed and approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (AREC/054/017D).

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Mbatha, B., Khathi, A., Sibiya, N. et al. Cardio-protective effects of a dioxidovanadium(V) complex in male sprague–dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Biometals 34, 161–173 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-020-00270-0

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